20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in Anopheles gambiae
20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in Anopheles gambiae
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DOI：
10.1128/msphere.00983-19
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Smith, Ryan C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reynolds, Rebekah A.;Kwon, Hyeogsun;Smith, Ryan C.
吸血是蚊虫获取繁殖所需营养资源的一种完整行为。这一要求也使蚊子能够作为有效的媒介，获得并可能传播多种蚊媒疾病，最主要的是疟疾。最近的研究表明，吸血后蚊子免疫力会被刺激，与感染状态无关。由于吸血促进激素20-羟基蜕皮激素（20-hydroxyecdysone，20 E）的产生，我们推测20 E在引发病原体攻击的免疫应答中起重要作用。在这里，我们研究的免疫学效应的引发冈比亚按蚊与20 E病原体感染前，表现出显着减少细菌和伯氏疟原虫在蚊子宿主的生存。20 E处理后的转录组测序（RNA-seq）分析鉴定了几个已知的20 E调节基因，以及几个先前报道的在抗病原体防御中具有功能的免疫基因。总之，这些数据表明，20 E影响蚊子吸血后的细胞免疫功能和抗病原体免疫，论证了激素在调节蚊子先天免疫功能中的重要性。重要性吸血是必需的，为蚊子产卵提供营养，并作为一种机制，以获得和传播病原体。吸血后不久，20-羟基蜕皮激素（20 E）的产生达到高峰，这是一种引发生理变化的蚊子激素，包括卵黄蛋白的产生和交配不应性。在这里，我们研究了20 E在调节蚊子免疫力方面的其他作用，证明了用20 E启动免疫系统可以增加蚊子对病原体的抵抗力。我们确定差异表达的基因在响应20 E治疗，包括几个参与先天免疫功能以及脂质代谢和运输。总之，这些数据表明，20 E在吸血后不久刺激蚊子的细胞免疫功能和先天免疫。
Blood feeding is an integral behavior of mosquitoes to acquire nutri-tional resources needed for reproduction. This requirement also enables mosquitoes to serve as efficient vectors to acquire and potentially transmit a multitude of mosquito-borne diseases, most notably malaria. Recent studies suggest that mos-quito immunity is stimulated following a blood meal, independent of infection sta-tus. Since blood feeding promotes production of the hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), we hypothesized that 20E plays an important role in priming the immune re-sponse for pathogen challenge. Here, we examine the immunological effects of priming Anopheles gambiae with 20E prior to pathogen infection, demonstrating a significant reduction in bacteria and Plasmodium berghei survival in the mosquito host. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis following 20E treatment identifies several known 20E-regulated genes, as well as several immune genes with previ-ously reported function in antipathogen defense. Together, these data demonstrate that 20E influences cellular immune function and antipathogen immunity following mosquito blood feeding, arguing the importance of hormones in the regulation of mosquito innate immune function.IMPORTANCE Blood feeding is required to provide nutrients for mosquito egg production and serves as a mechanism to acquire and transmit pathogens. Shortly after a blood meal is taken, there is a peak in the production of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a mosquito hormone that initiates physiological changes, including yolk protein production and mating refractoriness. Here, we examine additional roles of 20E in the regulation of mosquito immunity, demonstrating that priming the immune system with 20E increases mosquito resistance to pathogens. We identify differentially expressed genes in response to 20E treatment, including several involved in innate immune function as well as lipid metabolism and transport. Together, these data argue that 20E stimulates mosquito cellular immune function and innate immunity shortly after blood feeding.