Harnessing Landrace Diversity Empowers Wheat Breeding for Climate Resilience
Harnessing Landrace Diversity Empowers Wheat Breeding for Climate Resilience
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DOI：
10.1101/2023.10.04.560903
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发表时间：
2023-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shifeng Cheng;Cong Feng;L. Wingen;Hong Cheng;Andrew B. Riche;Mei Jiang;M. Leverington-Waite
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shifeng Cheng;Cong Feng;L. Wingen;Hong Cheng;Andrew B. Riche;Mei Jiang;M. Leverington-Waite
迫切需要培育适应气候变化的作物，以帮助确保粮食安全。一个关键的挑战是利用遗传多样性来优化适应、产量、抗逆力和营养。我们研究了A.E.的遗传和表型多样性。沃特金斯地方品种收集面包小麦（小麦），一个主要的全球谷物，通过全基因组重新测序（827沃特金斯地方品种和208现代品种）和深入的实地评估跨越十年。我们发现，现代栽培品种仅来自七个小麦祖先群体中的两个，剩下五个群体是以前未开发的育种来源。这提供了使用结构化种质、基因分型和信息学资源获得地方品种特定功能变异的途径。采用互补遗传群体和方法，我们确定了数千个高分辨率的数量性状基因座（QTL）和重要的标记-性状关联的主要性状，揭示了许多沃特金斯独特的基因座，可以赋予现代小麦的上级性状。此外，我们确定并功能验证了气候变化适应，营养增强和抗小麦稻瘟病的致病基因。最后，我们评估了44，338个Watkins独特单倍型的表型效应，这些单倍型是在现代品种的背景下从143个优先QTL中渗入的，弥合了地方品种多样性和当前育种之间的差距。本研究建立了一个框架，系统地利用遗传多样性在作物改良，以实现可持续的粮食安全。
Breeding crops resilient to climate change is urgently needed to help ensure food security. A key challenge is to harness genetic diversity to optimise adaptation, yield, stress resilience and nutrition. We examined the genetic and phenotypic diversity of the A.E. Watkins landrace collection of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), a major global cereal, through whole-genome re-sequencing (827 Watkins landraces and 208 modern cultivars) and in-depth field evaluation spanning a decade. We discovered that modern cultivars are derived from just two of the seven ancestral groups of wheat, leaving five groups as previously untapped sources for breeding. This provides access to landrace-specific functional variations using structured germplasm, genotyping and informatics resources. Employing complementary genetic populations and approaches, we identified thousands of high-resolution quantitative trait loci (QTL) and significant marker–trait associations for major traits, revealing many Watkins-unique loci that can confer superior traits in modern wheat. Furthermore, we identified and functionally verified causative genes for climate-change adaptation, nutritional enhancement and resistance to wheat blast. Finally, we assessed the phenotypic effects of 44,338 Watkins-unique haplotypes, introgressed from 143 prioritised QTL in the context of modern cultivars, bridging the gap between landrace diversity and current breeding. This study establishes a framework for systematically utilising genetic diversity in crop improvement to achieve sustainable food security.