CELL PROLIFERATION IN GERMINAL CENTERS OF RAT SPLEEN
CELL PROLIFERATION IN GERMINAL CENTERS OF RAT SPLEEN
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb40692.x
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发表时间：
1964-01-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
KESSE, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FLIEDNER, TM;ROBERTSON, JS;KESSE, M
本文的目的是提供一些数据，让我们深入了解细胞增殖率内的淋巴结的大鼠脾脏。在这项研究中，标记DNA的技术与特定的前体，氚标记的胸苷，被使用。用放射自显影法观察了脾脏的马氏小体。马氏小体的淋巴性质是由Kolliker于1855年首先认识到的。淋巴结的形态多种多样，但最具特征的组织学表现是细胞聚集，其中中心区域的淡染细胞可与深染区域的紧密排列的小细胞区分开来。1885年，弗莱明将这一中心区域命名为“Keimzentrum”或“germinal center”。2弗莱明观察到germinal center的有丝分裂活性很高，并认为这一区域正在积极形成淋巴细胞。其他用于描述生发中心的术语是“继发结节”或“内腔”。生发中心被深染的小细胞包围，被称为“套带”或“边缘带”。套层被一个由较大细胞（混合的大淋巴细胞、组织细胞和可能的其他细胞）组成的界限清楚的圆形区域所包围。这个区域也被称为“边缘层”、“Knotchenrandzone”和“Follikel-Aussenzone”。该带的细胞排列比地幔带松散。自从弗莱明最初描述淋巴结以来，关于其可能的功能已经提出了各种想法。他们的职能问题仍然是一个持续争议的问题。有些研究者支持Flemming的观点，即结节的浅色中心是新淋巴细胞形成的“生发中心”，尽管众所周知，这些不是新细胞产生的唯一部位。这一概念在1913年受到Marchand的挑战。他指出，生殖中心通常是界限分明的。这使得很难想象“生发中心”细胞和周围小淋巴细胞之间的潜在遗传关系。从那时起，大量的实验和病理学研究报告支持了Marchand的怀疑。赫尔曼洛认为，生发中心的一个主要功能是作为对抗毒素的“反应中心”。也有充分的证据表明，生发中心的产生是对细菌感染和反复抗原刺激的反应。然而，白色（14）提出的证据表明，生发中心只在诱发回忆（继发性反应）后产生，而不是在初级抗原刺激后产生。最近，Cottier等人已经明确证明了这一点。生发中心的高有丝分裂指数意味着新细胞的大量产生。是否这些在生发中心新形成的细胞应该
The purpose of this paper is to present data which gives some insight into the rate of cell proliferation within the lymphatic nodules of the rat’s spleen. In this study, the technique of labeling DNA with the specific precursor, tritiated thymidine, was used. The observations were made on the Malpighian corpuscles of the spleen, utilizing autoradiographic methods.The lymphatic nature of the Malpighian corpuscles was first recognized by Kolliker in 1855.’Lymphatic nodules are observed in various forms, but the most characteristic histological appearance consists of an aggregation of cells in which a central zone of pale-staining cells can be distinguished from a zone of darkstaining, closely packed smaller cells. This central zone was named “Keimzentrum” or the “germinal center” by Flemming in 1885.2 Flemming observed the high mitotic activity in the germinal centers and felt that this area was actively forming lymphocytes. Other terms that have been used for the germinal center are “secondary nodule” or “Innenraum.” The germinal center is surrounded by dark staining small cells and has been termed “mantle zone” or “marginal zone.” The mantle zone is surrounded, in turn, by a well-defined circular area of larger cells (mixed large lymphocytes, histiocytes, and perhaps other cells). This zone has also been called “marginal layer,”“Knotchenrandzone,” and “Follikel-Aussenzone.” The cells in this zone are arranged more loosely than in the mantle zone. Since the original description of lymphatic nodules by Flemming, various ideas have been advanced in respect to their possible function. The question of their function remains a matter of continuing controversy. Some investigators have supported Flemming’s suggestion that the pale centers of the nodules are “germinal centers” for the formation of new lymphocytes, although it is well known that these are not the only sites of new cell prod~ ction.~-~ This concept was challenged by Marchand’in 1913. He pointed out that the germinal centers are usually sharply demarcated. This makes it difficult to visualize potential genetic relations between “germinal center” cells and the surrounding small lymphocytes. Since then, numerous experimental and pathological studie~~,~ have been reported in support of Marchand’s doubts. Hellmanlo suggested that a major function of the germinal centers was to act as “reaction centers” against toxins. There is also ample evidence that germinal centers are produced as a reaction to bacterial infections and repetitive antigenic~ timulation.~~-~~ White, 14 however, produced evidence that germinal centers are produced only after induction of the anamnestic (secondary response) and not after the primary antigenic stim~ lus.’~ Most recently this has been conclusively demonstrated by Cottier et The high mitotic index of germinal centers signifies that there is a significant production of new cells. Whether these newly formed cells in the germinal centers should be