Transnational Corporations
Transnational Corporations
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跨国公司
DOI：
10.1177/1468018104040986
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
D. Lewis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sorcha MacLeod;D. Lewis
就世界新秩序而言，最大的跨国公司是核心角色。它们影响着世界各国政府的政策;它们帮助安排世界贸易组织的议程。它们影响着发展中世界各个经济体的命运，它们对生态系统有着至关重要的影响，它们设定的工资水平可能使第一世界对它们的要求弯曲，等等，任何不试图为跨国公司建立一个问责制和全球公民身份框架的宪政设计师都会贬低它们的手艺。我们如何协调跨国公司在经济增长和机会方面的健康影响，同时又必须符合国际社会的基本价值观？我们能否为企业责任立法？如果可以，如何立法？如果没有，有哪些替代办法？本文将探讨确保企业界与世界性民主的期望保持一致的价值观和机制。各国政府能做多少，欧盟等区域组织能做多少，经合组织等机构能做多少，全球工会的影响力如何，行为守则能有影响力吗？如果能，谁是最有希望的主要推动者？采购政策是否能够以实现公司责任为导向，例如，非政府组织形式的民间社会的影响力如何？关于跨国公司有影响力的活动的详细资料越来越多，但对于跨国公司在全球责任准则中的地位，似乎还没有一个游戏计划。本文探讨了一些可能性。
In terms of the New World Order, the largest Transnational Corporations (TNCs) are central players. They influence the policies of governments worldwide; they help to order the agenda of the World Trade Organization. They influence the destinies of individual economies in the developing world, they have a crucial impact on the eco-system, they set wage-levels, which can cause the first world to bend to their demands, and so on. Any constitutional architect who does not attempt to set a framework of accountability and global citizenship for the TNCs would demean their craft. How do we orchestrate the healthy influence of TNCs in terms of economic growth and opportunity with the necessity of their conforming to the underlying values of the world community? Can we legislate for corporate responsibility and if so, how? If not, what alternatives are available? This article will explore the values and mechanisms for ensuring that the corporate world is in tune with the expectations of cosmopolitan democracy. How much can be done by national governments, how much can be done by regional groupings such as the EU, how much can be done by bodies such as the OECD, what is the influence of global trade unions, can codes of practice be influential and if so, who are the most promising prime movers? Can procurement policies be directed to achieve corporate responsibility and how influential is civil society in the form of NGOs, for example? More and more detailed information is becoming available on the influential activities of TNCs but as yet there appears to be no game plan for where they fit in to canons of global responsibility. This article explores some possibilities.