Sociality, density-dependence and microclimates determine the persistence of populations suffering from a novel fungal disease, white-nose syndrome
Sociality, density-dependence and microclimates determine the persistence of populations suffering from a novel fungal disease, white-nose syndrome
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01829.x
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Kilpatrick, A. Marm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Langwig, Kate E.;Frick, Winifred F.;Kilpatrick, A. Marm
疾病导致野生动物数量急剧减少，许多物种面临灭绝的威胁。理论认为，传播动力学的生态和密度依赖性可以决定疾病导致灭绝的概率，但很少有实证研究同时考察影响疾病影响的多个因素。我们发现，在感染了破坏性地霉菌的冬眠蝙蝠中，疾病对独居物种的影响在较小的种群中较低，而在社会群居物种中，疾病对种群的影响在四个数量级的种群中同样严重。然而，随着这些群居物种的减少，我们观察到社会群体规模的减少，这降低了灭绝的可能性。此外，疾病对这些物种的影响随着湿度和温度的增加而增加，因此最冷和最干燥的栖息地为疾病提供了最初的避难所。这些结果扩展了我们的理论框架，并为确定哪些寄主物种可能在管理行动仍然可能的情况下灭绝提供了经验基础。
Disease has caused striking declines in wildlife and threatens numerous species with extinction. Theory suggests that the ecology and density-dependence of transmission dynamics can determine the probability of disease-caused extinction, but few empirical studies have simultaneously examined multiple factors influencing disease impact. We show, in hibernating bats infected with Geomyces destructans, that impacts of disease on solitary species were lower in smaller populations, whereas in socially gregarious species declines were equally severe in populations spanning four orders of magnitude. However, as these gregarious species declined, we observed decreases in social group size that reduced the likelihood of extinction. In addition, disease impacts in these species increased with humidity and temperature such that the coldest and driest roosts provided initial refuge from disease. These results expand our theoretical framework and provide an empirical basis for determining which host species are likely to be driven extinct while management action is still possible.