Estimating groundwater mean transit time from SF6 in stream water: field example and planning metrics for a reach mass-balance approach

Estimating groundwater mean transit time from SF6 in stream water: field example and planning metrics for a reach mass-balance approach
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估算溪流水中 SF6 的地下水平均传输时间:达到质量平衡方法的现场示例和规划指标

DOI:
10.1007/s10040-021-02435-8
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Zlotnik, Vitaly A.
Zlotnik, Vitaly A.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jensen, Craig R.;Genereux, David P.;Gilmore, Troy E.;Solomon, D. Kip;Mittelstet, Aaron R.;Humphrey, C. Eric;MacNamara, Markus R.;Zeyrek, Caner;Zlotnik, Vitaly A.

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河流达到的质量平衡可以用来估计地下水年龄在更大的尺度比单个井。利用大气衍生的SF6作为年龄测年示踪剂,对美国内布拉斯加州6条河流河段进行了河段质量平衡分析。目的是估算各河段地下水流量加权平均SF6浓度(C gw)和基于C gw的地下水平均过境时间(MTT)。一个河段的C gw (1.48 fmol/kg)与27年的MTT一致。碳吉瓦的高度不确定性阻碍了对其他河段的合理MTT估计。蒙特卡罗分析表明,低地下水流入流量(Q gw)导致了C gw的高不确定性。对于年龄测年示踪剂或其他溶质,这个问题会影响任何到达质量平衡分析的成功。为了提高河段质量平衡在未来应用中成功的可能性,提出了两个新的规划指标,可以单独使用,也可以一起使用:流域内地下水补给率(R)与河流密度(D)的比率,以及河流河段的长期平均Q gw/Q D(其中Q D是河段下游末端的河流流量)。与内布拉斯加州的研究地点(R/D= 107 m2/年)相比,之前在北卡罗来纳州(美国)进行的SF6研究获得了更准确的C gw估算,R/D更高(231 m2/年)。更大的Q gw/Q d与河段质量平衡的更准确的结果相关,并且可以通过GIS对流域面积和/或河流长度的分析来估计河段的长期平均Q gw/Q d。
Stream reach mass-balance can be used to estimate groundwater age at scales larger than individual wells. Atmospherically derived SF6 was used as an age-dating tracer in reach mass-balance analysis of six stream reaches in Nebraska, USA. The goal was to estimate the flow-weighted mean SF6 concentration in the groundwater discharge to each reach (C gw) and the groundwater mean transit time (MTT) based on C gw. The C gw in one reach (1.48 fmol/kg) was consistent with a MTT of 27 years. High uncertainty in C gw prevented plausible MTT estimates in the other reaches. Monte Carlo analyses indicated that low rates of groundwater inflow to the stream reaches (Q gw) led to high uncertainty in C gw. This issue can affect the success of any reach mass-balance analysis, for age dating tracers or other solutes. To improve the likelihood of success in future applications of reach mass-balance, two new planning metrics are proposed for use, separately or together: the ratio of groundwater recharge rate (R) to stream density (D) within a watershed, and the long-term average Q gw/Q d in a stream reach (where Q d is stream discharge at the downstream end of the reach). In comparison to the Nebraska study site (R/D= 107 m2/year), more accurate estimation of C gw was achieved in a previous SF6 study in North Carolina (USA) with greater R/D (231 m2/year). Larger Q gw/Q d is associated with more accurate outcomes in reach mass-balance, and long-term average Q gw/Q d in stream reaches may be estimated by GIS analysis of watershed areas and/or stream lengths.
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