Blurred Lines: How the Collectivism Norm Operates Through Perceived Group Diversity to Boost or Harm Group Performance in Himalayan Mountain Climbing
Blurred Lines: How the Collectivism Norm Operates Through Perceived Group Diversity to Boost or Harm Group Performance in Himalayan Mountain Climbing
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模糊的界限：集体主义规范如何通过感知的群体多样性来提高或损害喜马拉雅山攀登中的群体表现
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发表时间：
2019
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bernadette Doerr
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文献类型：
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作者：
Jennifer A. Chatman;L. Greer;Eliot L. Sherman;Bernadette Doerr
我们开发并测试了一种理论，该理论可以调和集体主义规范如何影响群体绩效的矛盾。我们利用感知多样性文献来假设，集体主义规范导致群体成员“模糊”人口差异，从而导致一种共同的看法，即群体成员彼此之间比实际情况更相似。这是否有利于或损害团体绩效取决于团体的客观多样性水平以及感知的多样性属性与完成团体任务的相关性。对于联合任务，团队的表现由最弱的成员决定，需要高水平的凝聚力。我们的理论表明，当客观民族多样性较高时，集体主义通过模糊分裂的关系差异而有利于群体的联合表现，但对客观民族多样性较低的群体没有影响。相比之下，对于分离任务，群体的绩效由其最佳成员决定，并且我们预测，当客观专业多样性较高时，集体主义会通过模糊任务相关专业知识的差异来损害群体分离绩效，但对于客观专业多样性较低的群体则没有影响。我们在两项研究中找到了对我们理论的支持，其中包括对 5,214 个喜马拉雅攀岩团体的档案研究和对 356 个团体进行评估的实验室实验。我们的研究结果表明，集体主义对不同的群体有利有弊，并且可以通过根据群体所从事的任务类型来确定集体主义对群体多样性的模糊认识如何帮助或伤害群体，从而理解这些矛盾的影响。
We develop and test a theory that reconciles contradictions in how collectivistic norms influence group performance. We draw on the perceived diversity literature to hypothesize that collectivistic norms cause group members to “blur” demographic differences, resulting in a shared perception that group members are more similar to one another than they actually are. Whether this benefits or harms group performance depends on the level of objective diversity in the group and the relevance of the perceived diversity attribute for accomplishing the group’s task. For conjunctive tasks, the group’s performance is determined by its weakest member, and high levels of cohesion are needed. Our theory suggests that collectivism benefits group conjunctive performance when objective national diversity is high by blurring divisive relational differences but has no effect in groups with low objective national diversity. In contrast, for disjunctive tasks, the group’s performance is determined by its best member, and we predict that collectivism harms group disjunctive performance when objective expertness diversity is high by blurring differences in task-relevant expertness, but has no effect in groups with low objective expertness diversity. We find support for our theory in two studies, including an archival study of 5,214 Himalayan climbing groups and a laboratory experiment assessing 356 groups. Our results show that collectivism has benefits and detriments for diverse groups, and that these contradictory effects can be understood by identifying how the collectivistic blurring of perceived group diversity helps or hurts groups based on the type of tasks on which they are working.