Boundary singularities produced by the motion of soap films

Boundary singularities produced by the motion of soap films
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肥皂膜运动产生的边界奇点

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1406385111
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Goldstein R
Goldstein R
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Goldstein R

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最近的研究表明,Möbius带状肥皂膜通过变形其框架而变得不稳定,通过“掐颈”边界奇点将拓扑结构改变为磁盘的拓扑结构。这种行为不同于链状体,链状体通过一个体奇点转变成两个盘。目前尚不清楚奇点的类型是否通常是表面拓扑结构的结果,也不清楚这种依赖如何从表面的运动方程中产生。为了解决这些问题,我们从实验、计算和理论上研究了具有不同拓扑结构的肥皂膜的奇点路径,包括一系列被刺穿的克莱因瓶。我们证明了奇点(体或边界)的位置可能取决于边界变形的路径。在不稳定状态下,皂膜运动的驱动力是平均曲率。因此,颈部最窄的部分,与最短的非平凡封闭测地线相关联,具有最高的曲率,并且移动最快。在失稳开始之前,稳定面上存在最短的封闭测地线,这是颈部测地线演化的初始条件,所有这些测地线与框架具有相同的拓扑关系。我们做了一个貌似合理的推测,如果初始测地线与边界相连,那么奇点将出现在边界上,而如果两者最初不相连,那么奇点将出现在整体上。平均曲率流的数值研究和实验支持这些猜想。
Recent work has shown that a Möbius strip soap film rendered unstable by deforming its frame changes topology to that of a disk through a “neck-pinching” boundary singularity. This behavior is unlike that of the catenoid, which transitions to two disks through a bulk singularity. It is not yet understood whether the type of singularity is generally a consequence of the surface topology, nor how this dependence could arise from an equation of motion for the surface. To address these questions we investigate experimentally, computationally, and theoretically the route to singularities of soap films with different topologies, including a family of punctured Klein bottles. We show that the location of singularities (bulk or boundary) may depend on the path of the boundary deformation. In the unstable regime the driving force for soap-film motion is the mean curvature. Thus, the narrowest part of the neck, associated with the shortest nontrivial closed geodesic of the surface, has the highest curvature and is the fastest moving. Just before onset of the instability there exists on the stable surface the shortest closed geodesic, which is the initial condition for evolution of the neck’s geodesics, all of which have the same topological relationship to the frame. We make the plausible conjectures that if the initial geodesic is linked to the boundary, then the singularity will occur at the boundary, whereas if the two are unlinked initially, then the singularity will occur in the bulk. Numerical study of mean curvature flows and experiments support these conjectures.
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