Molecular recognition of CCR5 by an HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop.

Molecular recognition of CCR5 by an HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0095767
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Floudas CA
Floudas CA
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tamamis P;Floudas CA

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蛋白HIV-1 gp120与共受体CCR5或CXCR4结合是HIV-1进入宿主细胞的关键步骤,主要通过HIV-1 gp120的V3环片段介导。在目前的工作中,我们使用一套全面的计算工具,主要基于分子动力学模拟和自由能计算,通过双热带HIV-1 gp120 V3环描述趋化因子受体CCR5的分子识别。据我们所知,我们报道了第一个完整的HIV-1 gp120 V3环:CCR5复合物结构,其中包括整个V3环和CCR5的n端,并且与先前的实验结果非常一致。计算得出的结构揭示了HIV-1 gp120 V3环和CCR5残基与HIV-1共受体活性相关的功能作用,并为HIV-1共受体的选择性和马拉韦洛克阻断HIV-1 gp120的机制提供了新的见解。通过比较特异性双热带HIV-1 gp120 V3环与CCR5和CXCR4的结合,我们观察到HIV-1 gp120 V3环残基13-21(包括尖端)与这两种共受体的复合物具有几乎相同的结构和能量特性。这一结果为设计CCR5/CXCR4双靶向肽作为新的潜在抗艾滋病治疗药物铺平了道路。
The binding of protein HIV-1 gp120 to coreceptors CCR5 or CXCR4 is a key step of the HIV-1 entry to the host cell, and is predominantly mediated through the V3 loop fragment of HIV-1 gp120. In the present work, we delineate the molecular recognition of chemokine receptor CCR5 by a dual tropic HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop, using a comprehensive set of computational tools predominantly based on molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. We report, what is to our knowledge, the first complete HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop : CCR5 complex structure, which includes the whole V3 loop and the N-terminus of CCR5, and exhibits exceptional agreement with previous experimental findings. The computationally derived structure sheds light into the functional role of HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop and CCR5 residues associated with the HIV-1 coreceptor activity, and provides insights into the HIV-1 coreceptor selectivity and the blocking mechanism of HIV-1 gp120 by maraviroc. By comparing the binding of the specific dual tropic HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop with CCR5 and CXCR4, we observe that the HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop residues 13–21, which include the tip, share nearly identical structural and energetic properties in complex with both coreceptors. This result paves the way for the design of dual CCR5/CXCR4 targeted peptides as novel potential anti-AIDS therapeutics.
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