Effects of herbivory and inbreeding on the pollinators and mating system of Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae)
Effects of herbivory and inbreeding on the pollinators and mating system of Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae)
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DOI：
10.3732/ajb.92.10.1641
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发表时间：
2005-10-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Carr, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ivey, CT;Carr, DE
大多数交配系统进化模型预测混合交配是不稳定的，尽管它通常来自自然界。与共生传粉者的生态相互作用可以帮助解释这种差异，但草食动物等拮抗物也可能发挥作用。此外，近亲繁殖可以改变生态相互作用并直接影响自交率，这也可能有助于维持交配系统的变异。本研究探讨了草食和近交对土拟莲传粉者行为和自交率的影响。首先，将嗜吐虫（Philaenus spumarius）个体植食动物应用于两个种群的原生植物。喷虫缩小了花的大小，增加了花药与柱头的距离，增加了自交率。第二个试验采用盆栽植物阵列，对具有近交史（自交与异交）的吐虫进行因子杂交处理。喷虫不影响传粉者的行为，但它们减少了花的大小，自花率几乎翻了一番。近亲繁殖减少了传粉者的访问频率，增加了花的处理时间，这可能是首次报道近亲繁殖影响传粉者的行为。自交系植物的自交率降低了一半，这可能反映了早期近交系的抑制或传粉者行为的改变。草食和近交对褐家鼠自交率的影响可能有助于维持褐家鼠交配系统的变异。
Most models of mating system evolution predict mixed mating to be unstable, although it is commonly reported from nature. Ecological interactions with mutualistic pollinators can help account for this discrepancy, but antagonists such as herbivores are also likely to play a role. In addition, inbreeding can alter ecological interactions and directly affect selfing rates, which may also contribute to maintaining mating system variation. We explored herbivore and inbreeding effects on pollinator behavior and selfing rates in Mimulus guttatus. First, individual spittlebug (Philaenus spumarius) herbivores were applied to native plants in two populations. Spittlebugs reduced flower size, increased anther-stigma distance, and increased selfing rates. A second experiment factorially crossed spittlebug treatment with inbreeding history (self- vs. cross-fertilized), using potted plants in arrays. Spittlebugs did not affect pollinator behavior, but they reduced flower size and nearly doubled the selfing rate. Inbreeding reduced the frequency of pollinator visits and increased flower-handling time, and this may be the first report that inbreeding affects pollinator behavior. Selfing rates of inbred plants were reduced by one half, which may reflect early inbreeding depression or altered pollinator behavior. The contrasting effects of herbivory and inbreeding on selfing rates may help maintain mating system variation in M. guttattus.