Genetics of oviposition success of a thelytokous fairyfly parasitoid, Anagrus delicatus
Genetics of oviposition success of a thelytokous fairyfly parasitoid, Anagrus delicatus
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产卵仙蝇寄生蜂 Anagrus delicatus 产卵成功的遗传学
作者：
J. Cronin;D. Strong
盐沼寄生蜂的觅食行为，Anagrus delicatus（Hyattera：Mymaridae），是由很少的鸡蛋奠定每补丁主机和补丁之间的频繁传播。我们调查了与这种不寻常的行为相关的6个数量性状的群体内遗传变异：繁殖力（一生中的鸡蛋数量），在一个补丁上的时间，每个补丁的产卵数，产卵率，产卵器长度和胫骨长度（身体大小的衡量标准）。41个黄蜂的等值线开始从单一的孤雌生殖的女性从三个孤立的盐沼，并保持多达8代在温室中。我们估计了这些性状的遗传方差和广义遗传力（h2），并测试了等值线（遗传变异）和地点（地理变异）之间的差异的性状平均值。我们发现显着的遗传变异，除产卵率的所有性状的等值线。行为和形态特征具有相似的遗传变异水平，表明这些特征的进化能力（对选择做出反应的能力）同样很高。然而，行为性状有较高的残差方差，导致较低的遗传力。只有两个性状具有显著的遗传力。生殖力，这可能是一个很好的代理适合度，ceteris paribus，变化从平均26至40个鸡蛋每个等值线，并有最高的h2，0.47 ± 0.16（平均值±标准误）。产卵器长度的h2为0.36 ± 0.17。这些结果表明，组成中华绒螯蟹觅食策略的性状是由个体的个体行为决定的。delicatus应该服从选择（例如，可以选择在每个宿主斑块上产更多卵并因此访问较少斑块的等值线）。各性状间的遗传相关显著。从这些数据中得出的一个重要预测是，选择较大的黄蜂将导致较大的后代具有更大的卵负荷和更高的产卵率。具有这种属性组合的黄蜂可能是用于生物控制的更有效的天敌。此外，有没有显着的分歧（遗传或其他）在黄蜂的形态或行为之间的三个网站，即使他们被分开8公里或以上。
The foraging behaviour of the salt-marsh parasitoid, Anagrus delicatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), is distinguished by few eggs laid per patch of hosts and frequent dispersal among patches. We investigated the within-population genetic variability in six quantitative traits associated with this unusual behaviour: fecundity (lifetime number of eggs), time on a patch, number of ovipositions per patch, oviposition rate, ovipositor length and tibia length (a measure of body size). Forty-one wasp isolines were initiated from single parthenogenetic females from three isolated salt marshes, and were maintained for up to eight generations in the greenhouse. We estimated the genetic variance and broad-sense heritability (h2) of these traits and tested trait means for differences among isolines (genetic variation) and sites (geographical variation). We found significant genetic variability among isolines for all traits except oviposition rate. The behavioural and morphological traits had similar levels of genetic variance, indicating that the evolvability (ability to respond to selection) of the traits is similarly high. However, the behavioural traits had higher residual variances, resulting in lower heritabilities. Only two traits had significant heritabilities. Fecundity, which is probably a good proxy for fitness, ceteris paribus, varied from on average 26 to 40 eggs per isoline and had the highest h2, 0.47 ± 0.16 (mean ± SE). Ovipositor length had an h2 of 0.36 ± 0.17. These results suggest that the traits comprising the foraging strategy of A. delicatus should be amenable to selection (e.g. isolines could be selected that lay more eggs per host patch and consequently visit fewer patches). Genetic correlations among traits were numerous and positive. One important prediction from these data is that selection for larger wasps will result in large offspring with greater egg loads and higher oviposition rates. Wasps with this combination of attributes are likely to be more efficient natural enemies for use in biological control. In addition, there was no significant divergence (genetic or otherwise) in wasp morphology or behaviour among the three sites, even though they were separated by 8 km or more.
寄生黄蜂 Nasonia vitripennis 自然种群中性别比例特征的遗传变异。
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Orzack,SH;ParkerJr,ED
通讯作者：
ParkerJr,ED
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
D. Houle
通讯作者：
D. Houle