Fungal Genomes and Insights into the Evolution of the Kingdom.
Fungal Genomes and Insights into the Evolution of the Kingdom.
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DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0055-2016
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Stajich JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stajich JE
真菌王国包括生活在几乎所有生态系统中的物种。真菌是一种形态多样的单细胞和多细胞生物，既是自由生活的又是共生的。真菌的基因组编码的基因使它们能够在不同的环境中茁壮成长，入侵植物和动物细胞，并参与陆地和水生生态系统的营养循环。真菌基因组序列的不断扩大的数据库是由个人和大规模的努力产生的，例如Génolevures、博德研究所的真菌基因组计划和1000真菌基因组计划(http://1000.fungalgenomes.org).这些努力已经产生了真菌基因和基因组组织的目录。基因组数据集可以用来更好地理解真菌是如何适应它们的生活方式和生态位的。大量的真菌基因组和转录组数据使得使用新的方法成为可能，并从分子序列的角度改进了真菌进化的研究。与显微镜、培养皿和林地探索相结合，基因组测序支持生物信息学和比较基因组学方法，作为研究真菌生物学和进化的重要工具。
The kingdom Fungi comprises species that inhabit nearly all ecosystems. Fungi exist as both free-living and symbiotic unicellular and multicellular organisms with diverse morphologies. The genomes of fungi encode genes that enable them to thrive in diverse environments, invade plant and animal cells, and participate in nutrient cycling in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The continuously expanding databases of fungal genome sequences have been generated by individual and large-scale efforts such as Génolevures, Broad Institute’s Fungal Genome Initiative, and the 1000 fungal genomes project (http://1000.fungalgenomes.org). These efforts have produced a catalog of fungal genes and genomic organization. The genomic datasets can be utilized to better understand how fungi have adapted to their lifestyles and ecological niches. Large datasets of fungal genomic and transcriptomic data have enabled the use of novel methodologies and improved the study of fungal evolution from a molecular sequence perspective. Combined with microscopes, petri dishes, and woodland forays, genome sequencing supports bioinformatics and comparative genomics approaches as important tools in the study of the biology and evolution of fungi.