The monkey in the mirror: Hardly a stranger
The monkey in the mirror: Hardly a stranger
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0503935102
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发表时间：
2005-08-09
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Hall, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Waal, FBM;Dindo, M;Hall, MJ
人们普遍认为猴子在镜子里看到的是陌生人，而猿和人类则能认出自己。在这项研究中，我们通过详细比较猴子对镜子和真人的反应来质疑前一个假设。八只成年雌性和六只成年雄性棕色卷尾猴（Cebus apella）暴露于三种条件下两次：（i）熟悉的同性伴侣，（ii）不熟悉的同性伴侣，（iii）镜子。女性在镜子前表现出更多的眼神交流和友好行为，比面对陌生伴侣时焦虑的迹象更少。男性表现出更大的模糊性，但他们对镜子和陌生人的反应也不同。条件之间的区别是立即的，盲编码员能够区分三种条件下的猴子之间的区别。因此，卷尾猴似乎认识到他们在镜子中的反映是特殊的，他们可能不会将其与实际的同种混淆。也许，他们达到了一个自我-他人区分的水平，介于把他们的镜像看作他人和把它看作自我之间。
It is widely assumed that monkeys see a stranger in the mirror, whereas apes and humans recognize themselves. In this study, we question the former assumption by using a detailed comparison of how monkeys respond to mirrors versus live individuals. Eight adult female and six adult male brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) were exposed twice to three conditions: (i) a familiar same-sex partner, (ii) an unfamiliar same-sex partner, and (iii) a mirror. Females showed more eye contact and friendly behavior and fewer signs of anxiety in front of a mirror than they did when exposed to an unfamiliar partner. Males showed greater ambiguity, but they too reacted differently to mirrors and strangers. Discrimination between conditions was immediate, and blind coders were able to tell the difference between monkeys under the three conditions. Capuchins thus seem to recognize their reflection in the mirror as special, and they may not confuse it with an actual conspecific. Possibly, they reach a level of self-other distinction intermediate between seeing their mirror image as other and recognizing it as self.