Emergence of terpene cyclization in Artemisia annua.

Emergence of terpene cyclization in Artemisia annua.
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DOI:
10.1038/ncomms7143
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发表时间:
2015-02-03
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
O'Maille PE
O'Maille PE
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Salmon M;Laurendon C;Vardakou M;Cheema J;Defernez M;Green S;Faraldos JA;O'Maille PE

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The emergence of terpene cyclization was critical to the evolutionary expansion of chemical diversity yet remains unexplored. Here we report the first discovery of an epistatic network of residues that controls the onset of terpene cyclization in Artemisia annua. We begin with amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS) and (E)-β-farnesene synthase (BFS), a pair of terpene synthases that produce cyclic or linear terpenes, respectively. A library of ~27,000 enzymes is generated by breeding combinations of natural amino-acid substitutions from the cyclic into the linear producer. We discover one dominant mutation is sufficient to activate cyclization, and together with two additional residues comprise a network of strongly epistatic interactions that activate, suppress or reactivate cyclization. Remarkably, this epistatic network of equivalent residues also controls cyclization in a BFS homologue from Citrus junos. Fitness landscape analysis of mutational trajectories provides quantitative insights into a major epoch in specialized metabolism. Terpene cyclases are ring-forming enzymes found in many biosynthetic pathways, but the evolutionary origins of the cyclization mechanism is not well understood. Here, the authors use structure-guided breeding to identify an epistatic network that controls the onset of cyclization activity in Artemisia annua.
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