Effects of tillage practices combined with mucuna fallow on soil erosion and water dynamics on Ishigaki Island, Japan
Effects of tillage practices combined with mucuna fallow on soil erosion and water dynamics on Ishigaki Island, Japan
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1747-0765.2006.00095.x
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发表时间：
2006-12
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
F. Nagumo;R. N. Issaka;Akira Hoshikawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Nagumo;R. N. Issaka;Akira Hoshikawa
本研究是在日本冲绳县石垣岛冲绳亚热带站日本国际农业科学研究中心的一块坡地上进行的，旨在评价免耕耕作与休耕覆盖作物相结合对土壤侵蚀和水分动态的影响。在2.0°、3.5°和5.0°的3个坡地上，分别设置了两种休耕制度(自然和粘性)和两种土壤耕作处理(免耕和常规耕作)。在土壤耕作处理后种植高粱(高粱)。免耕结合牧草休耕的土壤流失量仅相当于常规耕作自然休耕的3%。与自然休耕的传统耕作制度相比，径流水量也减少了74%至77%。这些结果表明，免耕休耕是一种非常有效的土壤侵蚀和径流控制措施。此外，这种耕作制度改善了休闲期和高粱种植期的水分渗透。在强降雨条件下，免耕小区深渗失水量是常规耕作的1.6倍。预计在降雨量较少的地区或季节，免耕结合覆盖作物在控制径流方面的效果可能会更加明显，因此可能会极大地改善土壤水分状况。
Abstract This study was conducted on a sloping field at the Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Okinawa Subtropical Station, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, to evaluate the effects of zero tillage farming combined with mucuna fallow as a cover crop on soil erosion and water dynamics. Two fallow systems (natural and mucuna) in combination with two soil tillage treatments (zero tillage and conventional tillage) were imposed on three sloping fields (2.0°, 3.5° and 5.0°). A sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolor (L) moench) was planted after the soil tillage treatment. Soil loss for zero tillage farming combined with mucuna fallow was equivalent to only 3% of that for the conventional tillage farming with natural fallow. Runoff water was also reduced by between 74% and 77% when compared with the conventional tillage system with natural fallow. These results indicate that zero tillage with mucuna fallow is a very effective measure for the control of soil erosion and water runoff. Moreover, this farming system improved water infiltration during both the fallow and the sorghum cropping periods. For the zero tillage plot, water loss as deep percolation increased 1.6-fold compared with that for the conventional farming under heavy rainfall conditions. It is expected that under less rainfall areas or seasons, the effects of zero tillage farming combined with the mucuna cover crop may be more pronounced on water runoff control and, therefore, may greatly improve soil water conditions.