Isolation of active regulatory elements from eukaryotic chromatin using FAIRE (Formaldehyde Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements).

Isolation of active regulatory elements from eukaryotic chromatin using FAIRE (Formaldehyde Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements).
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DOI:
10.1016/j.ymeth.2009.03.003
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发表时间:
2009-07
期刊:
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Lieb, Jason D.
Lieb, Jason D.
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Giresi, Paul G.;Lieb, Jason D.

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在真核细胞中,序列特异性调控因子的结合和染色质重塑活动的募集导致核小体从染色质中被驱逐。传统上,这些活性位点是通过它们对核酸酶的敏感性实验确定的。在这里,我们描述了从人类染色质中分离核小体缺失DNA的简单程序的细节,称为FAIRE(甲醛辅助分离调控元件)。我们还提供了检测fare富集DNA的不同方法的协议,包括使用PCR, DNA微阵列和下一代测序。FAIRE适用于迄今为止测试的所有真核生物染色质。为了进行FAIRE,染色质与甲醛交联,用超声波剪切,然后提取苯酚-氯仿。大多数基因组DNA与核小体交联并被隔离在间期,而在水相中回收的DNA对应于基因组中核小体的缺失区域。这些分离区域在很大程度上与dna敏感位点、转录起始位点、增强子、绝缘子和活性启动子的位置一致。由于其速度和简单性,FAIRE在建立健康和疾病中不同细胞类型的染色质谱,分离DNA调控元件以进一步表征,以及作为小分子对染色质组织影响的筛选试验方面具有实用价值。
The binding of sequence-specific regulatory factors and the recruitment of chromatin remodeling activities cause nucleosomes to be evicted from chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Traditionally, these active sites have been identified experimentally through their sensitivity to nucleases. Here we describe the details of a simple procedure for the genome-wide isolation of nucleosome-depleted DNA from human chromatin, termed FAIRE (Formaldehyde Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements). We also provide protocols for different methods of detecting FAIRE-enriched DNA, including use of PCR, DNA microarrays, and next-generation sequencing. FAIRE works on all eukaryotic chromatin tested to date. To perform FAIRE, chromatin is crosslinked with formaldehyde, sheared by sonication, and phenol-chloroform extracted. Most genomic DNA is crosslinked to nucleosomes and is sequestered to the interphase, whereas DNA recovered in the aqueous phase corresponds to nucleosome-depleted regions of the genome. The isolated regions are largely coincident with the location of DNaseI hypersensitive sites, transcriptional start sites, enhancers, insulators, and active promoters. Given its speed and simplicity, FAIRE has utility in establishing chromatin profiles of diverse cell types in health and disease, isolating DNA regulatory elements en masse for further characterization, and as a screening assay for the effects of small molecules on chromatin organization.
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