Adipose Clocks: Burning the Midnight Oil.
Adipose Clocks: Burning the Midnight Oil.
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DOI：
10.1177/0748730415581234
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发表时间：
2015-10
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Lamia KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Henriksson E;Lamia KA
生物钟优化了生理过程的计时，与日常循环同步，因此环境中的可预测变化。直到20世纪90年代末，生物钟还被认为只存在于动物的中枢神经系统中；对培养的成纤维细胞进行的优雅研究，以及在果蝇和小鼠身上使用基因编码的记者的研究表明，生物钟无处不在，并且是细胞自主的。这些发现激发了人们对这些优势的研究，这些优势是通过使每个器官能够独立地根据一天的时间调整其功能来解释的。对几个器官节律性基因表达的研究表明，外周器官时钟可能通过使组织内部的代谢过程与营养供应和能量需求的循环同步，在优化代谢生理学方面发挥重要作用。肝脏、胰腺、肌肉和脂肪组织的时钟紊乱效应支持这一假说。脂肪组织通过分泌被称为“脂肪因子”的激素来协调能量的储存和利用，并调节其他器官的行为和生理。由于行为和环境驱动的化学和热能供需的昼夜变化，脂肪组织可能是协调整个生物体昼夜能量平衡(摄取、储存和利用)的重要外围位置。鉴于脂肪细胞类型和储存的复杂性，脂肪组织生物学对年龄和饮食组成的敏感性，以及大量已知和尚未发现的脂肪因子和脂肪因子，我们才刚刚开始了解昼夜节律时钟在脂肪组织中的作用。
Circadian clocks optimize the timing of physiological processes in synchrony with daily recurring and therefore predictable changes in the environment. Until the late 1990s, circadian clocks were thought to exist only in the central nervous systems of animals; elegant studies in cultured fibroblasts and using genetically encoded reporters in Drosophila melanogaster and in mice showed that clocks are ubiquitous and cell autonomous. These findings inspired investigations of the advantages construed by enabling each organ to independently adjust its function to the time of day. Studies of rhythmic gene expression in several organs suggested that peripheral organ clocks might play an important role in optimizing metabolic physiology by synchronizing tissue-intrinsic metabolic processes to cycles of nutrient availability and energy requirements. The effects of clock disruption in liver, pancreas, muscle, and adipose tissues support that hypothesis. Adipose tissues coordinate energy storage and utilization and modulate behavior and the physiology of other organs by secreting hormones known as “adipokines.” Due to behavior- and environment-driven diurnal variations in supply and demand for chemical and thermal energy, adipose tissues might represent an important peripheral location for coordinating circadian energy balance (intake, storage, and utilization) over the whole organism. Given the complexity of adipose cell types and depots, the sensitivity of adipose tissue biology to age and diet composition, and the plethora of known and yet-to-be-discovered adipokines and lipokines, we have just begun to scratch the surface of understanding the role of circadian clocks in adipose tissues.