Nail biology and nail science
Nail biology and nail science
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-2494.2007.00372.x
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Baran, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Berker, D. A. R.;Andre, J.;Baran, R.
指甲盖是指甲基质的永久产物。它的正常外观和生长取决于几个组成部分的完整性：周围组织或甲膜和骨趾骨，这些组织或骨趾骨构成指甲器官或指甲单位。将髓内钉近端插入内陷中，实际上平行于皮肤的上表面，并横向插入侧向髓内钉凹槽中。这种口袋状内陷有一个顶，近端甲襞和一个底，甲来自底。表皮基质构成了指甲盖的主体。近端元件形成髓内钉的浅三分之一，而远端元件提供其下三分之二。近端甲襞的腹侧表面与指甲紧密粘附一小段距离，并形成逐渐脱落的组织，即角质层，由近端甲襞背侧和腹侧的角质层组成。角质层密封并因此保护指甲的死胡同。甲盖以近端甲襞为界，近端甲襞与两侧结构相似的外侧甲襞连续。甲床从甲弧延伸到甲下皮。它具有平行的纵向网脊。与基质相反，该区域与甲板牢固连接，并且指甲撕脱产生甲床剥脱。无色，但半透明，含有血管球器官的高度血管结缔组织通过指甲传递粉红色。在其多种功能中，指甲提供对牙髓的反压力，这对于涉及手指的触觉和防止大趾甲丧失后产生的远端壁组织肥大是必不可少的。
The nail plate is the permanent product of the nail matrix. Its normal appearance and growth depend on the integrity of several components: the surrounding tissues or perionychium and the bony phalanx that are contributing to the nail apparatus or nail unit. The nail is inserted proximally in an invagination practically parallel to the upper surface of the skin and laterally in the lateral nail grooves. This pocket-like invagination has a roof, the proximal nail fold and a floor, the matrix from which the nail is derived. The germinal matrix forms the bulk of the nail plate. The proximal element forms the superficial third of the nail whereas the distal element provides its inferior two-thirds. The ventral surface of the proximal nail fold adheres closely to the nail for a short distance and forms a gradually desquamating tissue, the cuticle, made of the stratum corneum of both the dorsal and the ventral side of the proximal nail fold. The cuticle seals and therefore protects the ungual cul-de-sac. The nail plate is bordered by the proximal nail fold which is continuous with the similarly structured lateral nail fold on each side. The nail bed extends from the lunula to the hyponychium. It presents with parallel longitudinal rete ridges. This area, by contrast to the matrix has a firm attachment to the nail plate and nail avulsion produces a denudation of the nail bed. Colourless, but translucent, the highly vascular connective tissue containing glomus organs transmits a pink colour through the nail. Among its multiple functions, the nail provides counter-pressure to the pulp that is essential to the tactile sensation involving the fingers and to the prevention of the hypertrophy of the distal wall tissue, produced after nail loss of the great toe nail.