Physical and chemical analysis of the siliceous skeletons in six sponges of two groups (demospongiae and hexactinellida)
Physical and chemical analysis of the siliceous skeletons in six sponges of two groups (demospongiae and hexactinellida)
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两组海绵（demospongiae 和 hexactinellida）六种海绵中硅质骨架的物理和化学分析
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发表时间：
2003
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通讯作者：
F. Sandford
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作者：
F. Sandford
通过一系列的物理和化学测试，比较了六种海苔属动物和脱海绵动物的硅质骨架。海绵为两种寄居蟹海绵（Demospongiae, subbertitidae），一种来自苏格兰的Suberites domuncula，另一种来自墨西哥湾的Pseudospongosorites subulioides，以及四种六足纲海绵（Hyalonema sp., Euplectella aspergillum， Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni和Aphrocallistes vastus）。当时的假设是，在demo海绵动物和hexactinelids中，无定形水合二氧化硅骨架的差异可能在分类学上是有用的。研究的物理性质包括SEM，玻璃密度，玻璃转变温度（Tg）， Tg /DTA（测定含水量）和FTIR光谱。用能量色散X射线荧光（EDXRF）进行化学测定。针状骨骼物质在轴管周围的同心层中沉积。除了在红外光谱的几个波段上存在差异外，脱海绵生物和六晶藻的硅质骨架在很大程度上难以区分。所有海绵的密度相似（范围为2.03-2.13 g/cc），与蛋白石（SiO2·1.5H2O）的密度相似（平均值= 2.09 g/cc）。红外光谱相似，在460 - 470,800和1,090-1,100 cm−1（由于Si - O - Si键的不同振动模式）和1,650和3,450-3,560 cm−1（由于水）处有突出的吸收带。6种骨架在加热至1200℃前后的光谱都与硅胶相似。水占骨架重量的10-14%，在脱海绵动物中略高。平均化学成分为SiO2 85.2%，水12.3%，其他元素2.5%（主要为S、Al、K、Ca和Na）。硅的含量百分比在脱海绵动物和六海星动物之间没有显著差异。Microsc。科学通报，2003,32(2):336 - 355。©2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc。
The siliceous skeletons of six hexactinellids and demosponges were compared using a series of physical and chemical tests. The sponges were two hermit‐crab sponges (Class Demospongiae, family Suberitidae), one from Scotland, Suberites domuncula, and the other, Pseudospongosorites suberitoides, from the Gulf of Mexico, and four hexactinellids, Hyalonema sp., Euplectella aspergillum, Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni, and Aphrocallistes vastus. The operating hypothesis was that differences in the amorphous hydrated silica skeletons in Demosponges and Hexactinellids might prove taxonomically useful. Physical properties studied included SEM, glass density, glass transition temperature (Tg), TG/DTA to determine water content, and FTIR spectra. Chemical determinations were made using energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Spicular skeletal material is deposited in concentric layers around the axial canal. With the exception of differences at several bands in the IR spectra, the siliceous skeletons in demosponges and hexactinellids are largely indistinguishable. Density was similar in all sponges (range 2.03–2.13 g/cc) and similar to the density of opal (SiO2 · 1.5H2O) (mean = 2.09 g/cc). IR spectra were similar, with prominent absorption bands at 460–470, 800, and 1,090–1,100 cm−1 (due to different vibrational modes of Si‐O‐Si linkages) and at 1,650 and 3,450–3,560 cm−1 (due to water). The skeletons of all six showed similar spectra to that of silica gel both before and after heating to 1,200°C. Water comprised 10–14% of the skeleton by weight, slightly higher in the demosponges. Average spicule chemical composition was 85.2% SiO2, 12.3% water, and 2.5% other elements (mainly S, Al, K, Ca, and Na). The percent amounts of Si did not differ significantly between the demosponges and the hexactinellids. Microsc. Res. Tech. 62:336–355, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.