Analysis of diagnostic delay and its influencing factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study.

Naghavi, Mohsen;Wang, Haidong;Lozano, Rafael;Davis, Adrian;Liang, Xiaofeng;Zhou, Maigeng;Vollset, Stein Emil;Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu;Abdalla, Safa;Abd-Allah, Foad;Aziz, Muna I. Abdel;Abera, Semaw Ferede;Aboyans, Victor;Abraham, Biju;Abraham, Jerry P.;Abuabara, Katrina E.;Abubakar, Ibrahim;Abu-Raddad, Laith J.;Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.;Achoki, Tom;Adelekan, Ademola;Ademi, Zanfi Na;Adofo, Koranteng;Adou, Arsene Kouablan;Adsuar, Jose C.;Arnlov, Johan;Agardh, Emilie Elisabet;Akena, Dickens;Al Khabouri, Mazin J.;Alasfoor, Deena;Albittar, Mohammed;Alegretti, Miguel Angel;Aleman, Alicia V.;Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw;Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael;Alhabib, Samia;Ali, Mohammed K.;Ali, Raghib;Alla, Francois;Al Lami, Faris;Allebeck, Peter;AlMazroa, Mohammad A.;Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi;Alsharif, Ubai;Alvarez, Elena;Alviz-Guzman, Nelson;Amankwaa, Adansi A.;Amare, Azmeraw T.;Ameli, Omid;Amini, Hassan;Ammar, Walid;Anderson, H. Ross;Anderson, Benjamin O.;Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.;Anwari, Palwasha;Apfel, Henry;Cunningham, Solveig Argeseanu;Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic;Al Artaman;Asad, Majed Masoud;Asghar, Rana J.;Assadi, Reza;Atkins, Lydia S.;Atkinson, Charles;Badawi, Alaa;Bahit, Maria C.;Bakfalouni, Talal;Balakrishnan, Kalpana;Balalla, Shivanthi;Banerjee, Amitava;Barber, Ryan M.;Barker-Collo, Suzanne L.;Barquera, Simon;Barregard, Lars;Barrero, Lope H.;Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh;Basu, Arindam;Basu, Sanjay;Basulaiman, Mohammed Omar;Beardsley, Justin;Bedi, Neeraj;Beghi, Ettore;Bekele, Tolesa;Bell, Michelle L.;Benjet, Corina;Bennett, Derrick A.;Bensenor, Isabela M.;Benzian, Habib;Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia;Beyene, Tariku Jibat;Bhala, Neeraj;Bhalla, Ashish;Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.;Bikbov, Boris;Bin Abdulhak, Aref;Biryukov, Stan;Blore, Jed D.;Blyth, Fiona M.;Bohensky, Megan A.;Borges, Guilherme;Bose, Dipan;Boufous, Soufiane;Bourne, Rupert R.;Boyers, Lindsay N.;Brainin, Michael;Brauer, Michael;Brayne, Carol E. G.;Brazinova, Alexandra;Breitborde, Nicholas;Brenner, Hermann;Briggs, Adam D. M.;Brown, Jonathan C.;Brugha, Traolach S.;Buckle, Geoffrey C.;Bui, Linh Ngoc;Bukhman, Gene;Burch, Michael;Nonato, Ismael Ricardo Campos;Carabin, Helesne;Cardenas, Rosario;Carapetis, Jonathan;Carpenter, David O.;Caso, Valeria;Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.;Castro, Ruben Estanislao;Catala-Lopez, Ferrn;Cavalleri, Fiorella;Chang, Jung-Chen;Charlson, Fiona C.;Che, Xuan;Chen, Honglei;Chen, Yingyao;Chen, Jian Sheng;Chen, Zhengming;Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia;Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel;Chowdhury, Rajiv;Christensen, Hanne;Christophi, Costas A.;Chuang, Ting-Wu;Chugh, Sumeet S.;Cirillo, Massimo;Coates, Matthew M.;Coffeng, Luc Edgar;Coggeshall, Megan S.;Cohen, Aaron;Colistro, Valentina;Colquhoun, Samantha M.;Colomar, Mercedes;Cooper, Leslie Trumbull;Cooper, Cyrus;Coppola, Luis M.;Cortinovis, Monica;Courville, Karen;Cowie, Benjamin C.;Criqui, Michael H.;Crump, John A.;Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia;Leite, Iuri da Costa;Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C.;Dandona, Lalit;Dandona, Rakhi;Dansereau, Emily;Dargan, Paul I.;Dayama, Anand;De la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa;de la Vega, Shelley F.;De Leo, Diego;Degenhardt, Louisa;del Pozo-Cruz, Borja;Dellavalle, Robert P.;Deribe, Kebede;Jarlais, Don C. Des;Dessalegn, Muluken;deVeber, Gabrielle A.;Dharmaratne, Samath D.;Dherani, Mukesh;Diaz-Ortega, Jose-Luis;Diaz-Torne, Cesar;Dicker, Daniel;Ding, Eric L.;Dokova, Klara;Dorsey, E. Ray;Driscoll, Tim R.;Duan, Leilei;Duber, Herbert C.;Durrani, Adnan M.;Ebel, Beth E.;Edmond, Karen M.;Ellenbogen, Richard G.;Elshrek, Yousef;Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich;Erskine, Holly E.;Eshrati, Babak;Esteghamati, Alireza;Estep, Kara;Fuerst, Thomas;Fahimi, Saman;Fahrion, Anna S.;Faraon, Emerito Jose A.;Farzadfar, Farshad;Fay, Derek F. J.;Feigl, Andrea B.;Feigin, Valery L.;Felicio, Manuela Mendonca;Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad;Fernandes, Jefferson G.;Ferrari, Alize J.;Fleming, Thomas D.;Foigt, Nataliya;Foreman, Kyle;Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.;Fowkes, F. Gerry R.;Fra Paleo, Urbano;Franklin, Richard C.;Futran, Neal D.;Gaffikin, Lynne;Gambashidze, Ketevan;Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho;Garcia-Guerra, Francisco Armando;Garcia, Ana Cristina;Geleijnse, Johanna M.;Gessner, Bradford D.;Gibney, Katherine B.;Gillum, Richard F.;Gilmour, Stuart;Abdelmageem, Ibrahim;Ginawi, Mohamed;Giroud, Maurice;Glaser, Elizabeth L.;Goenka, Shifalika;Dantes, Hector Gomez;Gona, Philimon;Gonzalez-Medina, Diego;Guinovart, Caterina;Gupta, Rahul;Gupta, Rajeev;Gosselin, Richard A.;Gotay, Carolyn C.;Goto, Atsushi;Gowda, Hube N.;Graetz, Nicholas;Greenwell, K. Fern;Gugnani, Harish Chander;Gunnell, David;Gutierrez, Reyna A.;Haagsma, Juanita;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima;Hagan, Holly;Hagstromer, Maria;Halasa, Yara A.;Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi;Hamavid, Hannah;Hammami, Mouhanad;Hancock, Jamie;Hankey, Graeme J.;Hansen, Gillian M.;Harb, Hilda L.;Harewood, Heather;Haro, Josep Maria;Havmoeller, Rasmus;Hay, Roderick J.;Hay, Simon I.;Hedayati, Mohammad T.;Pi, Ileana B. Heredia;Heuton, Kyle R.;Heydarpour, Pouria;Higashi, Hideki;Hijar, Martha;Hoek, Hans W.;Hoffman, Howard J.;Hornberger, John C.;Hosgood, H. Dean;Hossain, Mazeda;Hotez, Peter J.;Hoy, Damian G.;Hsairi, Mohamed;Hu, Guoqing;Huang, John J.;Huffman, Mark D.;Hughes, Andrew J.;Husseini, Abdullatif;Huynh, Chantal;Iannarone, Marissa;Iburg, Kim M.;Idrisov, Bulat T.;Ikeda, Nayu;Innos, Kaire;Inoue, Manami;Islami, Farhad;Ismayilova, Samaya;Jacobsen, Kathryn H.;Jassal, Simerjot;Jayaraman, Sudha P.;Jensen, Paul N.;Jha, Vivekanand;Jiang, Guohong;Jiang, Ying;Jonas, Jost B.;Joseph, Jonathan;Juel, Knud;Kabagambe, Edmond Kato;Kan, Haidong;Karch, Andre;Karimkhani, Chante;Karthikeyan, Ganesan;Kassebaum, Nicholas;Kaul, Anil;Kawakami, Norito;Kazanjan, Konstantin;Kazi, Dhruv S.;Kemp, Andrew H.;Kengne, Andre Pascal;Keren, Andre;Kereselidze, Maia;Khader, Yousef Saleh;Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan;Khan, Ejaz Ahmed;Khan, Gulfaraz;Khang, Young-Ho;Kieling, Christian;Kinfu, Yohannes;Kinge, Jonas M.;Kim, Daniel;Kim, Sungroul;Kivipelto, Miia;Knibbs, Luke;Knudsen, Ann Kristin;Kokubo, Yoshihiro;Kosen, Sowarta;Kotagal, Meera;Kravchenko, Michael A.;Krishnaswami, Sanjay;Krueger, Hans;Defo, Barthelemy Kuate;Kuipers, Ernst J.;Bicer, Burcu Kucuk;Kulkarni, Chanda;Kulkarni, Veena S.;Kumar, Kaushalendra;Kumar, Ravi B.;Kwan, Gene F.;Kyu, Hmwe;Lai, Taavi;Balaji, Arjun Lakshmana;Lalloo, Ratilal;Lallukka, Tea;Lam, Hilton;Lan, Qing;Lansingh, Van C.;Larson, Heidi J.;Larsson, Anders;Lavados, Pablo M.;Lawrynowicz, Alicia E. B.;Leasher, Janet L.;Lee, Jong-Tae;Leigh, James;Leinsalu, Mall;Leung, Ricky;Levitz, Carly;Li, Bin;Li, Yichong;Li, Yongmei;Liddell, Chelsea;Lim, Stephen S.;de Lima, Graca Maria Ferreira;Lind, Maggie L.;Lipshultz, Steven E.;Liu, Shiwei;Liu, Yang;Lloyd, Belinda K.;Lofgren, Katherine T.;Logroscino, Giancarlo;London, Stephanie J.;Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie;Lotufo, Paulo A.;Lucas, Robyn M.;Lunevicius, Raimundas;Lyons, Ronan Anthony;Ma, Stefan;Machado, Vasco Manuel Pedro;MacIntyre, Michael F.;Mackay, Mark T.;MacLachlan, Jennifer H.;Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos;Mahdi, Abbas A.;Majdan, Marek;Malekzadeh, Reza;Mangalam, Srikanth;Mapoma, Christopher Chabila;Marape, Marape;Marcenes, Wagner;Margono, Christopher;Marks, Guy B.;Marzan, Melvin Barrientos;Masci, Joseph R.;Mashal, Mohammad Taufi Q.;Masiye, Felix;Mason-Jones, Amanda J.;Matzopolous, Richard;Mayosi, Bongani M.;Mazorodze, Tasara T.;McGrath, John J.;Mckay, Abigail C.;Mckee, Martin;McLain, Abigail;Meaney, Peter A.;Mehndiratta, Man Mohan;Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola;Melaku, Yohannes Adama;Meltzer, Michele;Memish, Ziad A.;Mendoza, Walter;Mensah, George A.;Meretoja, Atte;Mhimbira, Francis A.;Miller, Ted R.;Mills, Edward J.;Misganaw, Awoke;Mishra, Santosh K.;Mock, Charles N.;Moffitt, Terrie E.;Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin;Mokdad, Ali H.;Mola, Glen Liddell;Monasta, Lorenzo;Monis, Jonathan de la Cruz;Hernandez, Julio C. Montaez;Montico, Marcella;Montine, Thomas J.;Mooney, Meghan D.;Moore, Ami R.;Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar;Moran, Andrew E.;Mori, Rintaro;Moschandreas, Joanna;Moturi, Wilkister Nyaora;Moyer, Madeline L.;Mozaffarian, Dariush;Mueller, Ulrich O.;Mukaigawara, Mitsuru;Mullany, Erin C.;Murray, Joseph;Mustapha, Adetoun;Naghavi, Paria;Naheed, Aliya;Naidoo, Kovin S.;Naldi, Luigi;Nand, Devina;Nangia, Vinay;Narayan, K. M. Venkat;Nash, Denis;Nasher, Jamal;Nejjari, Chakib;Nelson, Robert G.;Neuhouser, Marian;Neupane, Sudan Prasad;Newcomb, Polly A.;Newman, Lori;Newton, Charles R.;Ng, Marie;Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak;Nguyen, Grant;Nhung Thi Trang Nguyen;Nisar, Muhammad Imran;Nolte, Sandra;Norheim, Ole F.;Norman, Rosana E.;Norrving, Bo;Nyakarahuka, Luke;Odell, Shaun;O'Donnell, Martin;Ohkubo, Takayoshi;Ohno, Summer Lockett;Olusanya, Bolajoko O.;Omer, Saad B.;Opio, John Nelson;Orisakwe, Orish Ebere;Ortblad, Katrina F.;Ortiz, Alberto;Otayza, Maria Lourdes K.;Pain, Amanda W.;Pandian, Jeyaraj D.;Panelo, Carlo Irwin;Panniyammakal, Jeemon;Papachristou, Christina;Paternina Caicedo, Angel J.;Patten, Scott B.;Patton, George C.;Paul, Vinod K.;Pavlin, Boris;Pearce, Neil;Pellegrini, Carlos A.;Pereira, David M.;Peresson, Sophie C.;Perez-Padilla, Rogelio;Perez-Ruiz, Fernando P.;Perico, Norberto;Pervaiz, Aslam;Pesudovs, Konrad;Peterson, Carrie B.;Petzold, Max;Phillips, Bryan K.;Phillips, David E.;Phillips, Michael R.;Plass, Dietrich;Piel, Frederic Bernard;Poenaru, Dan;Polinder, Suzanne;Popova, Svetlana;Poulton, Richie G.;Pourmalek, Farshad;Prabhakaran, Dorairaj;Qato, Dima;Quezada, Amado D.;Quistberg, D. Alex;Rabito, Felicia;Rafay, Anwar;Rahimi, Kazem;Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa;Rahman, Sajjad U. R.;Raju, Murugesan;Rakovac, Ivo;Rana, Saleem M.;Refaat, Amany;Remuzzi, Giuseppe;Ribeiro, Antonio L.;Ricci, Stefano;Riccio, Patricia M.;Richardson, Lee;Richardus, Jan Hendrik;Roberts, Bayard;Roberts, D. Allen;Robinson, Margaret;Roca, Anna;Rodriguez, Alina;Rojas-Rueda, David;Ronfani, Luca;Room, Robin;Roth, Gregory A.;Rothenbacher, Dietrich;Rothstein, David H.;Rowley, Jane Tf;Roy, Nobhojit;Ruhago, George M.;Rushton, Lesley;Sambandam, Sankar;Soreide, Kjetil;Saeedi, Mohammad Yahya;Saha, Sukanta;Sahathevan, Ramesh;Sahraian, Mohammad Ali;Sahle, Berhe Weldearegawi;Salomon, Joshua A.;Salvo, Deborah;Samonte, Genesis May J.;Sampson, Uchechukwu;Sanabria, Juan Ramon;Sandar, Logan;Santos, Itamar S.;Satpathy, Maheswar;Sawhney, Monika;Saylan, Mete;Scarborough, Peter;Schoettker, Ben;Schmidt, Juergen C.;Schneider, Ione J. C.;Schumacher, Austin E.;Schwebel, David C.;Scott, James G.;Sepanlou, Sadaf G.;Servan-Mori, Edson E.;Shackelford, Katya;Shaheen, Amira;Shahraz, Saeid;Shakh-Nazarova, Marina;Shangguan, Siyi;She, Jun;Sheikhbahaei, Sara;Shepard, Donald S.;Shibuya, Kenji;Shinohara, Yukito;Shishani, Kawkab;Shiue, Ivy;Shivakoti, Rupak;Shrime, Mark G.;Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora;Silberberg, Donald H.;Silva, Andrea P.;Simard, Edgar P.;Sindi, Shireen;Singh, Jasvinder A.;Singh, Lavanya;Sioson, Edgar;Skirbekk, Vegard;Sliwa, Karen;So, Samuel;Soljak, Michael;Soneji, Samir;Soshnikov, Sergey S.;Sposato, Luciano A.;Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.;Stanaway, Jeff Rey D.;Stathopoulou, Vasiliki Kalliopi;Steenland, Kyle;Stein, Claudia;Steiner, Caitlyn;Stevens, Antony;Stoeckl, Heidi;Straif, Kurt;Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos;Sturua, Lela;Sunguya, Bruno F.;Swaminathan, Soumya;Swaroop, Mamta;Sykes, Bryan L.;Tabb, Karen M.;Takahashi, Ken;Talongwa, Roberto Tchio;Tan, Feng;Tanne, David;Tanner, Marcel;Tavakkoli, Mohammad;Ao, Braden Te;Teixeira, Carolina Maria;Templin, Tara;Tenkorang, Eric Yeboah;Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman;Thomas, Bernadette A.;Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L.;Thrift, Amanda G.;Thurston, George D.;Tillmann, Taavi;Tirschwell, David L.;Tleyjeh, Imad M.;Tonelli, Marcello;Topouzis, Fotis;Towbin, Jeffrey A.;Toyoshima, Hideaki;Traebert, Jefferson;Tran, Bach X.;Truelsen, Thomas;Trujillo, Ulises;Trillini, Matias;Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala;Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis;Tuzcu, E. 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A.;Wolock, Timothy M.;Woolf, Anthony D.;Wong, John Q.;Wright, Jonathan L.;Wulf, Sarah;Wurtz, Brittany;Xu, Gelin;Yang, Yang C.;Yano, Yuichiro;Yatsuya, Hiroshi;Yip, Paul;Yonemoto, Naohiro;Yoon, Seok-Jun;Younis, Mustafa;Yu, Chuanhua;Jin, Kim Yun;Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed;Zamakhshary, Mohammed Fouad;Zeeb, Hajo;Zhang, Yong;Zhao, Yong;Zheng, Yingfeng;Zhu, Jun;Zhu, Shankuan;Zonies, David;Zou, Xiao Nong;Zunt, Joseph R.;Vos, Theo;Lopez, Alan D.;Murray, Christopher J. L.