Nicotine as a signal for the presence or absence of sucrose reward: a Pavlovian drug appetitive conditioning preparation in rats
Nicotine as a signal for the presence or absence of sucrose reward: a Pavlovian drug appetitive conditioning preparation in rats
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-003-1621-9
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发表时间：
2004-02-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Bevins, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Besheer, J;Palmatier, MI;Bevins, RA
理由。在巴甫洛夫条件反射研究中，尼古丁通常被概念化为与外感受性条件刺激（CS）相关的非条件刺激（US）。这项研究还没有探索尼古丁也可以作为CS的可能性。目标.本研究检查了尼古丁是否作为存在（CS+）或不存在（CS-）蔗糖的CS，并开始定义其特异性。方法和结果。在CS+条件下训练的大鼠间歇性配对给予尼古丁（0.4 mg/kg，碱），并短暂接触蔗糖。混合的是不含蔗糖的盐水。尼古丁获得了唤起目标追踪的能力。这种条件反应（CR）在消退过程中下降。CR对尼古丁剂量（ED 50 =0.113 mg/kg）和给药时间间隔敏感; 0分钟和100分钟延迟不产生CR。CS特性是尼古丁特有的，因为苯丙胺和安非他酮的替代不完全。CS条件下的大鼠接受了类似的辨别训练，除了蔗糖与盐水配对。尼古丁也充当CS-;生理盐水状态的CS+获得目标跟踪的控制。美加明（而不是六甲铵）阻断尼古丁作为CS+和CS-的能力，表明中枢烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的作用。结论.尼古丁作为蔗糖存在或不存在的信号。灭绝，CS-和替代结果消除了精神兴奋剂帐户。尼古丁作为CS的概念化提出了新的经验研究，其中药物基于其作用期间存在的其他结果获得额外的抑制和/或兴奋价值。
Rationale. In Pavlovian conditioning research, nicotine is typically conceptualized as the unconditioned stimulus (US) that becomes associated with an exteroceptive conditioned stimulus (CS). This research has not explored the possibility that nicotine can also function as a CS. Objectives. The present research examined whether nicotine served as a CS for the presence (CS+) or absence (CS-) of sucrose and started defining its specificity. Methods and results. Rats trained in the CS+ condition had nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, base) paired intermittently with brief access to sucrose. Intermixed were saline sessions without sucrose. Nicotine acquired the ability to evoke goal tracking. This conditioned response (CR) decreased across extinction sessions. The CR was sensitive to nicotine dose (ED50=0.113 mg/kg) and administration to testing interval; 0-min and 100-min delays produced no CR. The CS properties were specific to nicotine in that amphetamine and bupropion substitution was incomplete. Rats in the CS- condition received similar discrimination training except that sucrose was paired with saline. Nicotine also served as a CS-; the saline state CS+ acquired control of goal tracking. Mecamylamine, but not hexamethonium, blocked nicotine's ability to serve as a CS+ and CS-, indicating a role for central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Conclusions. Nicotine served as a signal for the presence or absence of sucrose. The extinction, CS-, and substitution results eliminated a psychomotor stimulant account. The conceptualization of nicotine as a CS suggests novel empirical research in which a drug acquires additional inhibitory and/or excitatory value based on other outcomes present during its effects.