Elevational differences in developmental plasticity determine phenological responses of grasshoppers to recent climate warming
Elevational differences in developmental plasticity determine phenological responses of grasshoppers to recent climate warming
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2015.0441
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发表时间：
2015-06-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Kingsolver, Joel G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Buckley, Lauren B.;Nufio, Cesar R.;Kingsolver, Joel G.
一年生物种可以通过延长发育增加成年个体的大小来增加繁殖，但在季节性有限的环境中可能无法完成发育。综合评论表明，大多数（但不是全部）物种通过提前成虫出现或繁殖的季节性变化来应对最近的气候变暖。在这里，我们表明，50年的气候变化推迟了高海拔、受季节限制的蚱蜢种群的发育，但促进了低海拔种群的发育。发育延迟是最明显的早季物种，这可能是最受益于延迟发展时，从季节性的时间限制释放。饲养实验证实，人口，海拔和温度相互作用，以确定发展时间。发育可塑性的人口差异可能会导致成年人之间的物候变化的变化。综合考虑整个生命周期，考虑到当地的适应性和可塑性，对于理解和预测对气候变化的反应可能是至关重要的。
Annual species may increase reproduction by increasing adult body size through extended development, but risk being unable to complete development in seasonally limited environments. Synthetic reviews indicate that most, but not all, species have responded to recent climate warming by advancing the seasonal tin-Ling of adult emergence or reproduction. Here, we show that 50 years of climate change have delayed development in high-elevation, season-limited grasshopper populations, but advanced development in populations at lower elevations. Developmental delays are most pronounced for early-season species, which might benefit most from delaying development when released from seasonal time constraints. Rearing experiments confirm that population, elevation and temperature interact to determine development time. Population differences in developmental plasticity may account for variability in phenological shifts among adults. An integrated consideration of the full life cycle that considers local adaptation and plasticity may be essential for understanding and predicting responses to climate change.