Effects of the photobiomodulation using different energy densities on the periodontal tissues under orthodontic force in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Effects of the photobiomodulation using different energy densities on the periodontal tissues under orthodontic force in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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DOI：
10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0061
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
SALGADO, Miguel Angel Castillo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GOMES, Mônica Fernandes;GOULART, Maria da Graças Vilela;SALGADO, Miguel Angel Castillo
评价能量密度为160 J/cm（2）、320 J/cm（2）和640 J/cm（2）的GaAlAs半导体激光在持续正畸力作用下对牙周组织的影响以及对2型糖尿病大鼠正畸牙齿移动速率的影响。通过骨桥蛋白抗体免疫阳性的骨细胞来研究初级牙槽骨形成的强度。将40只成年雄性Wistar大鼠分为8组，每组5只大鼠：血糖正常（N），160 J激光-血糖正常（160 J-LN），320 J激光-血糖正常（320 J-LN），640 J激光-血糖正常（640 J-LN）、糖尿病（D）、160 J激光糖尿病（160 J-LD）、320 J激光糖尿病（320 J-LD）和640 J激光糖尿病（640 J-LD）大鼠。通过单次静脉注射40 mg/kg一水合四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病。施加20 cN的正畸力。激光器参数为连续发射波长780 nm，输出功率20 mW，光纤探针光斑直径为0.04 cm。21天后进行放射学、组织形态学和免疫组织化学分析。使用640 J/cm（2）的能量密度的光生物调节强烈刺激牙槽骨形成并促进牙周软组织的重组，其次是320 J/cm（2）。D组和160 J-LD组牙槽骨吸收明显，牙槽骨周围炎性细胞浸润明显，PDJ组织降解。正畸牙齿移动的速率由右下颌第一和第二磨牙牙骨质-釉质连接处之间的牙间距离表示。糖尿病组的这一距离更大（D：39.98 +/- 1.97，160 J-LD：34.84 +/- 6.01，320 J-LD：29.82 +/- 1.73和640 J-LD：35.47 +/- 4.56）（N：21.13 +/- 1.19; 160 J-LN：22.69 +/- 0.72，320 J-LN：22.28 +/- 0.78和640 J-LN：24.56 +/- 2.11）。640 J-LD组（14.72 +/- 0.82; p < 0.01）和640 J-LN组（13.62 +/- 1.33; p < 0.05）的骨桥蛋白阳性骨细胞数量显著高于D组（9.82 +/- 1.17）和160 J-LD组（9.77 +/- 1.10）。因此，与其他剂量相比，640 J/cm（2）的能量密度在持续正畸力下提供了牙周组织微结构的最佳维持和完整性，主要是在未控制的糖尿病大鼠中。D组和160 J-LD组的牙间距离较大，这是由于糖尿病引起的严重牙周炎以及持续正畸力产生的机械应力，因此，160 J/cm剂量的生物刺激作用不足（2.）。
To evaluate the impact of the GaAlAs diode laser with energy densities of 160 J/cm(2), 320 J/cm(2), and 640 J/cm(2) on the periodontal tissues under continuous orthodontic force application and on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The intensity of primary alveolar bone formation was also investigated through the immune-positive osteocytes for OPN antibody. Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of 5 rats: normoglycemic (N), 160 J-laser-normoglycemic (160 J-LN), 320 J-laser-normoglycemic (320 J-LN), 640 J-laser-normoglycemic (640 J-LN), diabetic (D), 160 J-laser-diabetic (160 J-LD), 320 J-laser-diabetic (320 J-LD), and 640 J-laser-diabetic (640 J-LD) rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intravenous injection of 40 mg/kg monohydrated-alloxan. An orthodontic force magnitude of 20cN was applied. The laser parameters were continuous emission of 780-nm wavelength, output power of 20mW, and fiber probe with a spot size of 0.04 cm in diameter. Radiographic, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical analysis were performed after a period of 21 days. The photobiomodulation using the energy density of 640 J/cm(2) strongly stimulated the alveolar bone formation and contributed the reorganization of the soft periodontal tissues, followed by the 320 J/cm(2). Extensive alveolar bone loss, intense infiltration of inflammatory cells, and degradation of the PDJ tissue were mainly found in the D and 160 J-LD groups. The rate of orthodontic tooth movement was represented by the interdental distance between the cementoenamel junctions of the right mandibular first and second molars. This distance was larger in the diabetic groups (D: 39.98 +/- 1.97, 160 J-LD: 34.84 +/- 6.01, 320 J-LD: 29.82 +/- 1.73, and 640 J-LD: 35.47 +/- 4.56) than in the normoglycemic groups (N: 21.13 +/- 1.19; 160 J-LN: 22.69 +/- 0.72, 320 J-LN: 22.28 +/- 0.78, and 640 J-LN: 24.56 +/- 2.11). The number of osteopontin-positive osteocytes was significantly greater in the 640 J-LD (14.72 +/- 0.82; p < 0.01) and 640 J-LN (13.62 +/- 1.33; p < 0.05) groups than with D (9.82 +/- 1.17) and 160 J-LD (9.77 +/- 1.10) groups. Therefore, the energy density of 640 J/cm(2) provided the best maintenance and integrity of the periodontal tissue microarchitecture under continuous orthodontic force when compared with the other dosages, mainly in the uncontrolled diabetic rats. The interdental distance was greater in the D and 160 J-LD groups due to presence of severe periodontitis caused by diabetes plus the mechanical stress generated by continuous orthodontic forces, implying, thus, an insufficient biostimulatory effect for the dosage of 160 J/cm(2.).