Wet streaks in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: Implications for Recurring Slope Lineae on Mars

Wet streaks in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: Implications for Recurring Slope Lineae on Mars
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南极洲麦克默多干谷的湿条纹:对火星上反复出现的斜坡线的影响

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117582
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Lin, P.-C.
Lin, P.-C.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Toner, J.D.;Sletten, R.S.;Liu, L.;Catling, D.C.;Ming, D.W.;Mushkin, A.;Lin, P.-C.

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周期性的斜坡线(RSL)是季节性地在火星斜坡上传播和消失的黑色条纹。RSL的形态和动力学表明,它们可能是盐水流;然而,最近的假设认为它们是干燥的颗粒流。为了确定RSL是否与盐水流一致,我们使用新的土壤和沃茨化学分析,延时摄影和卫星图像研究了南极洲赖特谷的火星模拟湿条纹。结果表明,湿条纹的水分来源主要是当地的融雪,季节性地向坡下扩展。融水从土壤和下面的费拉尔粗玄岩基岩中浸出吸湿性的富含氯化钙的盐。这些盐通过蒸发浓缩和潮解/风化在土壤表面积累,以响应每日相对湿度的变化,导致表面亮度波动。几年后,活性CaCl 2盐成分滤回到地下,条纹变干,在表面留下吸湿性较低的盐残留物。应用于火星,湿条纹是不一致的表面表达和动态的RSL。湿条纹传播和褪色多年,流失到低角度的斜坡,并有一个特征性的模式,黑暗的下坡和侧边。与此相反,RSL是季节性的功能,终止于休止角斜率,通常出现单色。这些不一致提供了反对RSL形成的盐水流假设的证据。
Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL) are dark streaks that seasonally propagate and fade on Martian slopes. The morphology and dynamics of RSL suggest that they might be brine flows; however, more recent hypotheses propose that they are dry, granular flows. To determine if RSL are consistent with brine flows, we investigated Mars analog wet streaks in Wright Valley Antarctica using new chemical analyses of soils and waters, time-lapse photography, and satellite images. Results show that the source of water to wet streaks is primarily local snowmelt, which seasonally percolates downslope. Meltwater leaches hygroscopic CaCl2-rich salts from soils and underlying Ferrar dolerite bedrock. These salts accumulate at soil surfaces via evapoconcentration and deliquesce/effloresce in response to daily relative humidity changes, causing the surface brightness to fluctuate. Over several years, the active CaCl2salt component leaches back into the subsurface and the streaks dry, leaving a residue of less hygroscopic salts at the surface. Applied to Mars, wet streaks are inconsistent with the surface expression and dynamics of RSL. Wet streaks propagate and fade over multiple years, drain onto low angled slopes, and have a characteristic pattern of dark downhill and lateral edges. In contrast, RSL are seasonal features, terminate on angle-of-repose slopes, and typically appear monochromatic. These inconsistencies provide evidence against brine flow hypotheses of RSL formation.
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