THE SOCIAL-HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPE
THE SOCIAL-HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPE
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2818.1989.tb02890.x
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发表时间：
1989-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
BENNETT, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BENNETT, JA
将显微镜从光学玩具提升为光学仪器的动机来自于世纪中期对自然世界的潜意识和机械组织的信仰。显微镜未能揭示这种微粒的领域，但它在大众教育和娱乐方面的成功，确保了它在世纪日益增长的业余自然哲学追求中的地位。在世纪早期，消色差物镜的发展为显微镜提供了一种新的技术潜力，伦敦显微镜学会的成员充分利用了这种潜力。英国制造商在世纪中期非常成功地参与了先进的技术发展，但随着对大量专业应用仪器的需求不断增长，他们在市场上的主导地位下降。
The motivation for elevating the microscope from an optical toy to an optical instrument derived from the mid‐seventeenth‐century belief in the subliminal, mechanical organization of the natural world. The microscope failed to reveal this corpuscular realm, but its success in popular instruction and entertainment secured its place in the growing amateur pursuit of natural philosophy in the eighteenth century. In the early nineteenth century the development of the achromatic objective gave the microscope a new technical potential, a potential exploited to its full extent by the members of the Microscopical Society of London. The British makers were very successfully engaged with advanced technical development in the mid‐century, but saw their dominance of the market decline with the growing demand for large numbers of instruments aimed at professional applications.