Local and Long-Distance Calling: Conversations between the Gut Microbiota and Intra- and Extra-Gastrointestinal Tract Infections.
Local and Long-Distance Calling: Conversations between the Gut Microbiota and Intra- and Extra-Gastrointestinal Tract Infections.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2016.00041
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Schmidt NW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Denny JE;Powell WL;Schmidt NW
保护健康免受感染性疾病的影响取决于通过先天性和适应性免疫应答的协同努力的粘膜和全身免疫。宿主免疫的能力源于强大的防御机制-物理屏障和专门的免疫细胞-这些机制的失败导致病理学。有趣的是，对病原体的免疫能力可以通过肠道微生物组来塑造，因为最近的出版物强调了肠道微生物组与宿主对感染的易感性之间的动态相互作用。调节宿主对肠道病原体的免疫已经研究了很长时间，其中肠道细菌形成先天性和适应性免疫的多种因素。相反，肠道菌群对胃肠外（GI）道感染的宿主免疫力的影响最近才被认识到。在这种情况下，肠道微生物组可以增强宿主对胃肠道外细菌、病毒和寄生虫病原体的免疫力。这篇综述探讨了深入了解肠道微生物组在各种感染性疾病中的作用的研究，特别强调了胃肠道外感染。更好地了解肠道微生物组与传染病之间的联系对于未来改善全球健康至关重要。
Preservation of health from infectious diseases depends upon both mucosal and systemic immunity via the collaborative effort of innate and adaptive immune responses. The proficiency of host immunity stems from robust defense mechanisms—physical barriers and specialized immune cells—and a failure of these mechanisms leads to pathology. Intriguingly, immunocompetence to pathogens can be shaped by the gut microbiome as recent publications highlight a dynamic interplay between the gut microbiome and host susceptibility to infection. Modulation of host immunity to enteric pathogens has long been studied where gut bacteria shape multiple facts of both innate and adaptive immunity. Conversely, the impact of gut commensals on host immunity to extra-gastrointestinal (GI) tract infections has only recently been recognized. In this context, the gut microbiome can augment host immunity to extra-GI tract bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens. This review explores the research that affords insight into the role of the gut microbiome in various infectious diseases, with a particular emphasis on extra-GI tract infections. A better understanding of the link between the gut microbiome and infectious disease will be critical for improving global health in the years ahead.