Occurrence of and dermal exposure to benzene, toluene and styrene in sunscreen products marketed in the United States.
Occurrence of and dermal exposure to benzene, toluene and styrene in sunscreen products marketed in the United States.
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在美国销售的防晒产品中苯、甲苯和苯乙烯的存在和皮肤暴露。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164196
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kannan,Kurunthachalam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pal,VineetKumar;Lee,Sunmi;Kannan,Kurunthachalam
个人护理产品中苯等挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的存在是一个公共卫生问题。防晒产品广泛用于保护皮肤和头发免受来自太阳光的紫外线辐射。然而，人们对防晒霜中存在的VOC的暴露剂量和风险知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们确定了在美国销售的50种防晒产品中苯、甲苯和苯乙烯三种挥发性有机化合物的浓度和暴露量。苯、甲苯和苯乙烯分别在80%、92%和58%的分析样品中检出，平均浓度分别为45.8 ng/g（范围：0.007-862）、89.0 ng/g（范围：0.006-470）和161 ng/g（范围：0.006-1650）。儿童/青少年对苯、甲苯和苯乙烯的平均皮肤接触剂量分别为68.3、133和441纳克/千克体重/天，而成人的平均皮肤接触剂量分别为48.7、94.6和171纳克/千克体重/天。22种儿童/青少年防晒产品（占样本的44%）和19种成人防晒产品（占样本的38%）中苯浓度的终生癌症风险超过了可接受的基准风险水平（1.0 × 10−6）。这是第一项全面评估防晒产品中苯、甲苯和苯乙烯浓度和风险的研究。
Occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene in personal care products is a topic of public health concern. Sunscreen products are extensively used to protect skin and hair from UV radiation from sun light. Nevertheless, little is known about exposure doses and risks of VOCs present in sunscreens. In this study, we determined the concentrations of and exposure to three VOCs, namely benzene, toluene and styrene, in 50 sunscreen products marketed in the United States. Benzene, toluene and styrene were found in 80 %, 92 % and 58 %, respectively, of the samples analyzed at mean concentrations of 45.8 ng/g (range: 0.007–862), 89.0 ng/g (range: 0.006–470) and 161 ng/g (range: 0.006–1650), respectively. The mean dermal exposure doses (DEDs) to benzene, toluene and styrene of children/teenagers were 68.3, 133 and 441 ng/kg-bw/d, respectively, whereas those of adults were 48.7, 94.6 and 171 ng/kg-bw/d, respectively. The lifetime cancer risk from benzene concentrations present in 22 sunscreen products (44 % of the samples) for children/teenagers and 19 sunscreen products (38 %) for adults, exceeded the acceptable benchmark risk level (1.0 × 10−6). This is the first study to comprehensively assess the concentrations of and risks to benzene, toluene and styrene present in sunscreen products.