Plant diversity and community history shift colonization success from early- to mid-successional species
Plant diversity and community history shift colonization success from early- to mid-successional species
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DOI：
10.1093/jpe/rtu011
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
C. Roscher;Uta Gerighausen;B. Schmid;E. Schulze
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Roscher;Uta Gerighausen;B. Schmid;E. Schulze
功能性状在决定新物种在已建群落中的定殖成功率方面起着重要的作用。短期实验研究证明，更多样化的草原对新物种的定居具有更强的抵抗力。然而，很少有人知道殖民者应该有哪些特征，以成功地入侵不同的植物群落在较长的时间内，以及如何社区历史可能会修改不同的社区对殖民化的阻力。在草原生物多样性实验中（耶拿实验）建立了不同的物种丰富度（sr; 1、2、4、8和16）和官能团（Fg）数目和组成（1至4;豆科植物，草，小草本植物，高草本植物），我们研究了自然分散的物种在裂区（i）不同除草时间的定殖（从不除草，除草3年或6年，然后不除草1年）和（ii）具有不同的定殖持续时间（停止除草后7年，4年和1年）。随着除草时间的延长，对新物种定殖的抵抗力下降（在1年、4年和7年生群落中平均分别有13、17和22个定殖物种）。建立在低多样性的社区积累了更多的殖民者物种，除草持续时间比更多样化的社区。殖民化的持续时间只有很小的影响殖民物种的数量。殖民者与早期的演替特征，即每年的生命周期，繁殖的种子，小种子，长寿的种子和较早开始一个较长的开花期，有利于在物种贫乏的新建立的实验植物群落（除草持续时间短）和早期后停止除草（殖民持续时间短）。从早期到中期的演替特征的变化，即更高的生长，多年生生命周期，营养繁殖，特点是在植物多样性增加的社区和豆类或无草的殖民化。豆科植物的缺乏/草的存在和除草持续时间的增加导致了殖民者策略的转变，从快速养分吸收和循环（更高的比叶面积）到养分保留和共生固氮。我们的研究表明，自然分散的殖民者的非随机性状谱包括不同功能（繁殖、持久性、生长）之间的权衡，反映在随着植物多样性的增加从早期到中期的演替性状的变化中，具有较长的除草持续时间和较长的殖民时间。
Aims Functional traits are supposed to play an important role in deter-mining the colonization success of new species into established communities. short-term experimental studies have documented higher resistance of more diverse grasslands against colonization by new species. However, little is known about which traits colonizers should have to successfully invade diverse plant communities in the longer term and how community history may modify the resistance of diverse communities against colonization. In a grassland biodiversity experiment (Jena Experiment) established with different species richness (sr; 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16) and functional group (Fg) number and composition (1 to 4; legumes, grasses, small herbs, tall herbs), we studied colonization of naturally dispersed species in split-plots (i) with different duration of weeding (never weeded, weeded for 3 or 6 years and then un-weeded for 1 year) and (ii) with different duration of colonization (7 years, 4 years and 1 year after cessation of weeding). resistance against colonization by new species declined with increased duration of weeding (on average 13, 17 and 22 colonizer species in 1-, 4- and 7-year-old communities, respec-tively). Communities established at low diversity accumulated more colonizer species with a longer duration of weeding than more diverse communities. Duration of colonization had only small effects on the number of colonizer species. Colonizers with early successional traits, i.e. annual life cycle, reproduction by seeds, small seeds, long-lived seeds and an earlier start of a longer flowering period, were favoured in species-poor newly established experimental plant communities (short duration of weeding) and early after cessation of weeding (short duration of colonization). a change from early- to mid-successional traits, i.e. taller growth, perennial life cycle, vegetative reproduction, characterized colonization at increased plant diversity and in communities with legumes or without grasses. legume absence/ grass presence and increased duration of weeding led to a shift in colonizer strategies from rapid nutrient uptake and cycling (higher specific leaf area) to nutrient retention and symbiotic N 2 fixation. our study shows that non-random trait spectra of naturally dispersed colonizers encompass trade-offs between different functions (reproduction, persistence, growth) reflected in a change from early- to mid-successional traits at increasing plant diversity, with a longer duration of weeding and a longer time of colonization.