Fibre dimorphism: cell type diversification as an evolutionary strategy in angiosperm woods
Fibre dimorphism: cell type diversification as an evolutionary strategy in angiosperm woods
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DOI：
10.1111/boj.12107
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Carlquist, Sherwin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carlquist, Sherwin
被子植物木材中的二形纤维是指在横切面上可以区分两种不同纤维的区域。大多数作者的用法将较宽、较薄壁、较短（有时分层）的纤维与具有较窄管腔的较窄、较厚壁的纤维进行对比。较宽的纤维可以在纵切面上与轴向薄壁组织区分开来，轴向薄壁组织通常由两个或多个细胞组成，每个细胞被次生壁包围（因此不同于分隔纤维）。这种现象发生在一些五加科、菊科、豆科、桃金娘目（特别是千屈菜科）、无患子目（特别是无患子科）、荨麻目甚至一些买麻藤目中。毫无疑问，还可以找到其他的例子，特别是如果包括宽的晚材纤维和窄的早材纤维的例子。几乎没有生理学证据的差异功能的二型纤维，除了在宏基，其中淀粉水解的宽纤维是已知的，导致糖转移到血管在生长季节的早期。淀粉储存在轴向薄壁组织中，可以补充的方式，用于栓塞逆转和预防，从而维持水柱。结晶纤维（桃金娘目、无患子目）可以被认为是阻止捕食的纤维二型性形式。胶质纤维，通常等同于张力木材，也可以被认为是一种纤维二型性。纤维二型性的进化意义在于，纤维结构的一些微小变化可以导致多种功能的实现。(c)2013年，伦敦林奈学会，林奈学会植物学杂志，2014年，174，44-67。
Dimorphic fibres in angiosperm woods are designated when zones of two different kinds of fibres can be distinguished in transverse sections. The usage of most authors contrasts wider, thinner-walled, shorter (sometimes storied) fibres with narrower, thicker-walled fibres that have narrower lumina. The wider fibres can be distinguished in longitudinal sections from axial parenchyma, which usually consists of strands of two or more cells each surrounded by secondary walls (and thus different from septate fibres). This phenomenon occurs in some Araliaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Myrtales (notably Lythraceae), Sapindales (especially Sapindaceae), Urticales and even some Gnetales. Additional instances can doubtless be found, especially if instances of wide latewood fibres together with narrow earlywood fibres are included. There is little physiological evidence on differential functions of dimorphic fibres, except in Acer, in which hydrolysis of starch in the wide fibres is known to result in transfer of sugar into vessels early in the growing season. Starch storage in axial parenchyma may, in a complementary way, serve for embolism reversal and prevention and thus for maintenance of the water columns. Crystalliferous fibres (Myrtales, Sapindales) can be considered a form of fibre dimorphism that deters predation. Gelatinous fibres, often equated with tension wood, can also be considered as a form of fibre dimorphism. The evolutionary significance of fibre dimorphism is that a few small changes in fibre structure can result in the accomplishment of diversified functions.(c) 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 174, 44-67.