When John met Benny: class, pets and family life in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain
When John met Benny: class, pets and family life in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain
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当约翰遇见本尼：维多利亚时代晚期和爱德华时代英国的阶级、宠物和家庭生活
DOI：
10.1080/1081602x.2021.1897028
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Strange J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Strange J
近年来，人类与动物交往的历史有所扩展，但对20世纪世纪之前英国宠物饲养的研究一直偏向于中产阶级和上层阶级。这种模式有可能将中产阶级的价值观和做法确立为规范，从而产生一种隐含的假设，即工人阶级的差异相当于偏差，或者中产阶级的规范最终会“涓滴”到社会经济规模中。虽然人们普遍认为，工人阶级家庭在家庭环境中饲养鸟类或动物，但很少有人考虑动物陪伴在维多利亚和爱德华七世工人阶级家庭生活中意味着什么，或者更重要的是，宠物饲养的分类方式以及为什么这很重要。本文运用三种主要方法，探讨了养宠物在英国工人阶级家庭生活的经济、空间和情感背景下的意义。它试图理解人类家庭成员如何体验或至少表达与家庭动物成员的联系。时间、空间和金钱的资源决定了人们可以养什么宠物，在哪里养宠物，以及如何与这些动物建立关系。人们在不稳定或有限的物质环境中所做的选择暴露了饲养宠物的阶级特征和工人阶级背景下人与动物关系的“等级纠缠”。
Histories of human-animal companionship have expanded in recent years but studies of British pet keeping prior to the twentieth century have been skewed towards the middle and upper classes. Such models risk establishing middle-class values and practices as the norm, creating the implicit assumption that working-class difference amounts to deviance or, that middle-class norms ‘trickle down’ the socio-economic scale eventually. While it is broadly acknowledged that working-class families kept birds or animals in domestic settings, there has been little consideration of what animal companionship meant in Victorian and Edwardian working-class family life or, more to the point, the ways in which pet keeping was classed and why this matters. Drawing on three principal methods, this essay explores what pet keeping meant in the financial, spatial and affective context of British working-class family life. It tries to understand how human family members could experience or, at least, articulate a sense of connection with animal members of the household. Resources of time, space and money shaped what pets were possible for people to keep, where they were kept and how relationships with those animals were forged. The choices people made in precarious or restricted material circumstances exposes the classed character of pet keeping and the ‘hierarchical entanglement’ of human-animal relations within a working-class context.
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