Constraints and choices in mothers' employment careers: a consideration of Hakim's Preference Theory.
Constraints and choices in mothers' employment careers: a consideration of Hakim's Preference Theory.
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母亲就业生涯的约束与选择：对哈基姆偏好理论的思考
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
S. Mcrae
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Mcrae
本文提供了一个实证研究的妇女的工作经历后，他们的性别角色态度，以及态度和工作经历之间的关系。根据这些分析，考虑了偏好理论作为解释妇女在英国劳动力市场地位的适用性。哈基姆的论点特别指出，妇女不同的就业模式和工作经历的主要决定因素是她们对家庭工作和有偿就业的不同组合的偏好的不同。尽管哈基姆的论点得到了支持，即就业生涯只对少数妇女至关重要，但几乎没有证据表明是偏好将少数妇女与多数妇女区分开来。工作-家庭偏好的连续存在意味着具有相似偏好（但克服限制的能力不同）的妇女将有非常不同的劳动力市场职业。对纵向数据的分析无法支持偏好理论的核心论点，即英国和北美（女性生活在“新情景”中的国家）的女性对自己希望如何生活有真正的、不受约束的选择。相反，有人认为，要完整地解释女性在分娩后的劳动力市场选择，以及这些选择的结果，既要了解对女性产生不同影响的制约因素，也要了解她们的个人偏好。
This paper provides an empirical examination of women's work histories following a first birth, their sex-role attitudes, and the relationship between attitudes and work history. In the light of these analyses, the aptness of Preference Theory as an explanation for the position of women in the British labour market is considered. Addressed in particular is Hakim's argument that the main determinant of women's heterogeneous employment patterns and work histories is heterogeneity in their preferences for differing combinations of family work and paid employment. Although support is found for Hakim's argument that employment careers are centrally important for only a minority of women, little evidence is adduced that it is preferences that distinguish the minority from the majority. The existence of a continuum of work-family preferences means that women with similar preferences (but differing capacities for overcoming constraints) will have very different labour market careers. Analysis of longitudinal data fails to support the central argument of Preference Theory that women in Britain and North America (countries where women live 'in the new scenario') have genuine, unconstrained choices about how they wish to live their lives. Instead, it is argued that a complete explanation of women's labour market choices after childbirth, and of the outcomes of those choices, depends as much on understanding the constraints that differentially affect women as it does on understanding their personal preferences.