Semantic priming supports infants' ability to learn names of unseen objects.

Semantic priming supports infants' ability to learn names of unseen objects.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0244968
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Waxman SR
Waxman SR
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Luchkina E;Waxman SR

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人类语言使我们能够唤起我们无法直接目睹的事物、事件和想法。这种能力依赖于抽象的言语参照:即使在一个词所指的实体在感知上不可用的情况下,也能理解词与可以建立、检索和修改的心理表征之间的联系。虽然建立动词指称是一个关键的成就,但关于它的发展起源的问题仍然存在。为了解决这一差距,我们调查婴儿的能力,建立一个代表的对象,隐藏在视图中,从语言输入单独。在两个实验中,15个月大的婴儿(N = 72)和12个月大的婴儿(N = 72)观看一个演员说出三个熟悉的可见物体的名字;然后她为第四个提供一个新的名字,完全隐藏在婴儿的视野之外。在语义启动条件下,可见的熟悉对象都属于相同的语义邻域(例如,苹果、香蕉、橙子)。在无启动条件下,对象从不同的语义邻域(例如,苹果、鞋子、汽车)。在测试中,婴儿看到两个物体。如果婴儿可以单独使用命名信息来识别可能的所指对象,那么处于语义启动条件下的婴儿,而不是处于无启动条件下的婴儿,将成功地推断出第四个(隐藏的)对象的所指对象。结果的简要总结在这里。本文将讨论抽象言语指称发展的意义。
Human language permits us to call to mind objects, events, and ideas that we cannot witness directly. This capacity rests upon abstract verbal reference: the appreciation that words are linked to mental representations that can be established, retrieved and modified, even when the entities to which a word refers is perceptually unavailable. Although establishing verbal reference is a pivotal achievement, questions concerning its developmental origins remain. To address this gap, we investigate infants’ ability to establish a representation of an object, hidden from view, from language input alone. In two experiments, 15-month-olds (N = 72) and 12-month-olds (N = 72) watch as an actor names three familiar, visible objects; she then provides a novel name for a fourth, hidden fully from infants’ view. In the Semantic Priming condition, the visible familiar objects all belong to the same semantic neighborhood (e.g., apple, banana, orange). In the No Priming condition, the objects are drawn from different semantic neighborhoods (e.g., apple, shoe, car). At test infants view two objects. If infants can use the naming information alone to identify the likely referent, then infants in the Semantic Priming, but not in the No Priming condition, will successfully infer the referent of the fourth (hidden) object. Brief summary of results here. Implications for the development of abstract verbal reference will be discussed.
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