Vitamin D: The "sunshine" vitamin.
Vitamin D: The "sunshine" vitamin.
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DOI：
10.4103/0976-500x.95506
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发表时间：
2012-04
影响因子：
0.2
通讯作者：
Maseeh A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nair R;Maseeh A
维生素D不足影响着全球近50%的人口。全世界估计有10亿人，包括所有种族和年龄组，患有维生素D缺乏症（VDD）。这种维生素D缺乏症的流行主要归因于生活方式（例如，减少户外活动）和环境（例如，空气污染）因素，这些因素减少了对阳光的暴露，而阳光是紫外线B（UVB）诱导的皮肤中维生素D产生所必需的。维生素D缺乏症的高患病率是一个特别重要的公共卫生问题，因为维生素D缺乏症是普通人群总死亡率的独立风险因素。目前的研究表明，我们可能需要比目前推荐的更多的维生素D来预防慢性病。随着VDD患者数量的不断增加，这种激素在整体健康和预防慢性疾病中的重要性处于研究的前沿。VDD在所有年龄段都很常见。由于很少有食物含有维生素D，指南建议以建议的每日摄入量和可耐受的上限水平进行补充。还建议测量血清25-羟基维生素D水平作为缺乏风险患者的初始诊断测试。对于缺乏维生素D2或维生素D3的患者，建议使用维生素D2或维生素D3治疗。2007年发表的一项荟萃分析表明，维生素D补充剂与死亡率显着降低有关。在这篇综述中，我们将总结被认为是维生素D之间关系的基础的机制，并了解其生物学和临床意义。
Vitamin D insufficiency affects almost 50% of the population worldwide. An estimated 1 billion people worldwide, across all ethnicities and age groups, have a vitamin D deficiency (VDD). This pandemic of hypovitaminosis D can mainly be attributed to lifestyle (for example, reduced outdoor activities) and environmental (for example, air pollution) factors that reduce exposure to sunlight, which is required for ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced vitamin D production in the skin. High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is a particularly important public health issue because hypovitaminosis D is an independent risk factor for total mortality in the general population. Current studies suggest that we may need more vitamin D than presently recommended to prevent chronic disease. As the number of people with VDD continues to increase, the importance of this hormone in overall health and the prevention of chronic diseases are at the forefront of research. VDD is very common in all age groups. As few foods contain vitamin D, guidelines recommended supplementation at suggested daily intake and tolerable upper limit levels. It is also suggested to measure the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level as the initial diagnostic test in patients at risk for deficiency. Treatment with either vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 is recommended for deficient patients. A meta-analysis published in 2007 showed that vitamin D supplementation was associated with significantly reduced mortality. In this review, we will summarize the mechanisms that are presumed to underlie the relationship between vitamin D and understand its biology and clinical implications.