Multiple motor memories are learned to control different points on a tool.

Multiple motor memories are learned to control different points on a tool.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41562-018-0324-5
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发表时间:
2018-04
影响因子:
29.9
通讯作者:
Wolpert DM
Wolpert DM
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heald JB;Ingram JN;Flanagan JR;Wolpert DM

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熟练的物体操纵需要学习物体的动力学,将施加的力与运动联系起来。这涉及运动记忆的形成,该运动记忆已经被假定与对象相关联,而不依赖于一个人选择控制的对象上的点。重要的是,在操纵任务中,物体上的不同控制点,如饮用时的杯子边缘或放下杯子时的底部,可以与不同的动力学相关联。在这里,我们展示了当控制对象上的单个位置时干扰的相反的动态扰动,当每个扰动与单独的控制点相关联时,可以学习到。这表明,运动记忆的形成与物体上的控制点有关,而不是物体本身。我们还表明,如果不同的控制点与不同的动力学相关联,那么电机系统只会为不同的控制点产生单独的记忆,从而允许有效地使用电机记忆。为了解释这些结果,我们建立了一个标准化的运动学习转换状态空间模型,在该模型中,线索(控制点)和语境(动力学)之间的关联是学习的,而不是固定的。我们的发现揭示了运动系统产生灵活灵巧行为的一个重要机制。
Skilful object manipulation requires learning the dynamics of objects, linking applied force to motion,. This involves the formation of a motor memory,, which has been assumed to be associated with the object, independent of the point on the object that one chooses to control. Importantly, in manipulation tasks, different control points on an object, such as the rim of a cup when drinking or its base when setting it down, can be associated with distinct dynamics. Here, we show that opposing dynamic perturbations, which interfere when controlling a single location on an object, can be learned when each is associated with a separate control point. This demonstrates that motor memory formation is linked to control points on the object, rather than the object per se. We also show that the motor system only generates separate memories for different control points if they are linked to different dynamics, allowing efficient use of motor memory. To account for these results, we develop a normative switching state-space model of motor learning, in which the association between cues (control points) and contexts (dynamics) is learned rather than fixed. Our findings uncover an important mechanism through which the motor system generates flexible and dexterous behaviour.
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