Ancient mitochondrial DNA provides high-resolution time scale of the peopling of the Americas.
Ancient mitochondrial DNA provides high-resolution time scale of the peopling of the Americas.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1501385
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发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Haak W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Llamas B;Fehren-Schmitz L;Valverde G;Soubrier J;Mallick S;Rohland N;Nordenfelt S;Valdiosera C;Richards SM;Rohrlach A;Romero MI;Espinoza IF;Cagigao ET;Jiménez LW;Makowski K;Reyna IS;Lory JM;Torrez JA;Rivera MA;Burger RL;Ceruti MC;Reinhard J;Wells RS;Politis G;Santoro CM;Standen VG;Smith C;Reich D;Ho SY;Cooper A;Haak W
美洲原住民人口的历史重新审查使用前哥伦布线粒体基因组的大数据集。尽管有大量的研究，美洲最初的人口形成的确切时间、路线和过程仍然不确定。考古学证据表明，人类的存在远至智利南部的14.6万年前（ka），不久后，更新世冰盖阻止东白令吉亚开始撤退。由于缺乏适当的校准点和美洲原住民的遗传多样性低，对进入时间和途径的遗传估计受到限制。我们测序了92个完整的线粒体基因组，从前哥伦布时期的南美骨骼可追溯到8.6至0.5万年，允许一个详细的，时间校准的重建美洲的人口在贝叶斯结合分析。这些数据表明，一小部分人口在16.0 ka左右通过沿海路线进入美洲，此前在东白令吉亚与东西伯利亚人口分离后隔离了约2.4至9000年。在整个美洲的快速迁移之后，南美洲有限的基因流动导致了明显的地理结构，这种结构一直持续下去。在这项研究中检测到的所有古代线粒体谱系都没有出现在现代数据集中，这表明灭绝率很高。为了进一步研究这一点，我们采用了一种新的主成分多元逻辑回归检验贝叶斯串行聚结模拟。分析支持这样一种假设，即欧洲殖民化造成了前哥伦布时期血统的大量丧失。
Native American population history is reexamined using a large data set of pre-Columbian mitochondrial genomes. The exact timing, route, and process of the initial peopling of the Americas remains uncertain despite much research. Archaeological evidence indicates the presence of humans as far as southern Chile by 14.6 thousand years ago (ka), shortly after the Pleistocene ice sheets blocking access from eastern Beringia began to retreat. Genetic estimates of the timing and route of entry have been constrained by the lack of suitable calibration points and low genetic diversity of Native Americans. We sequenced 92 whole mitochondrial genomes from pre-Columbian South American skeletons dating from 8.6 to 0.5 ka, allowing a detailed, temporally calibrated reconstruction of the peopling of the Americas in a Bayesian coalescent analysis. The data suggest that a small population entered the Americas via a coastal route around 16.0 ka, following previous isolation in eastern Beringia for ~2.4 to 9 thousand years after separation from eastern Siberian populations. Following a rapid movement throughout the Americas, limited gene flow in South America resulted in a marked phylogeographic structure of populations, which persisted through time. All of the ancient mitochondrial lineages detected in this study were absent from modern data sets, suggesting a high extinction rate. To investigate this further, we applied a novel principal components multiple logistic regression test to Bayesian serial coalescent simulations. The analysis supported a scenario in which European colonization caused a substantial loss of pre-Columbian lineages.