The Influence of Attention Set, Working Memory Capacity, and Expectations on Inattentional Blindness
The Influence of Attention Set, Working Memory Capacity, and Expectations on Inattentional Blindness
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DOI：
10.1177/0301006615614465
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Simons, Daniel J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kreitz, Carina;Furley, Philip;Simons, Daniel J.
非注意盲视（即当注意力集中于某些主要任务时未能注意到意外物体）的概率受到诸如任务要求、意外物体的特征和观察者的注意力集中等背景因素的影响。然而，事实证明，预测谁会注意到意想不到的物体以及谁会保持无意失明是很困难的，而且认知个体差异影响注意的证据仍然不明确。我们假设更大的工作记忆容量可能会调节注意力集中对注意的影响，因为工作记忆与选择性集中注意力的能力有关。工作记忆容量较大的人可能能够更好地选择性地关注目标项目，从而增加注意到与关注项目相似的意外对象的机会，同时减少注意到与关注项目不同的意外对象的几率。我们的研究（N=120 名参与者）重复了任务引起的注意力集调节注意的证据，但发现注意和工作记忆能力之间没有联系。我们的结果与以下观点基本一致：工作记忆容量的个体差异并不能预测在无注意失明任务中对意外物体的注意。
The probability of inattentional blindness, the failure to notice an unexpected object when attention is engaged on some primary task, is influenced by contextual factors like task demands, features of the unexpected object, and the observer's attention set. However, predicting who will notice an unexpected object and who will remain inattentionally blind has proven difficult, and the evidence that individual differences in cognition affect noticing remains ambiguous. We hypothesized that greater working memory capacity might modulate the effect of attention sets on noticing because working memory is associated with the ability to focus attention selectively. People with greater working memory capacity might be better able to attend selectively to target items, thereby increasing the chances of noticing unexpected objects that were similar to the attended items while decreasing the odds of noticing unexpected objects that differed from the attended items. Our study (N=120 participants) replicated evidence that task-induced attention sets modulate noticing but found no link between noticing and working memory capacity. Our results are largely consistent with the idea that individual differences in working memory capacity do not predict noticing of unexpected objects in an inattentional blindness task.