Neuropeptide physiology in helminths.
Neuropeptide physiology in helminths.
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蠕虫的神经肽生理学。
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4419-6902-6_5
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Day,TimA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mousley,Angela;Novozhilova,Ekaterina;Kimber,MichaelJ;Day,TimA
寄生蠕虫来自两个截然不同的遥远的门，线虫（蛔虫）和扁形蠕虫（扁虫）。两门蠕虫的神经系统都充满了神经肽，有充分的生理学证据表明这些神经肽控制着蠕虫生物学的重要方面。在每个门中，关于蠕虫神经肽的关键作用的生理证据来自寄生和自由生活的成员。在线虫中，肠道寄生虫carissuum和自由生活的秀丽隐杆线虫（caenorhabditis elegans）提供了大部分数据；在扁形蛔虫中，大多数生理数据来自于血吸虫（chistoma mansoni）。fmrfamide样肽（FLPs）对线虫的躯体肌肉组织、生殖肌肉组织、咽部和运动神经元具有多种不同的作用（兴奋、放松或组合）。胰岛素样肽（INSs）在线虫细胞形成和其他发育过程中起着重要作用。还有一些证据表明，在体细胞肌肉控制中，多肽（神经肽样蛋白）的异质性分组也起着作用。与线虫一样，在扁形线虫中，FLPs在躯体肌肉功能中起着核心作用。关于FLP在扁形蠕虫中的生理作用的报道仅限于对躯体肌肉组织的有效兴奋。白嘴虫还具有丰富的神经肽f (NPFs)，这在线虫中是没有的。目前还没有任何数据将扁圆形线虫NPF与任何特定的生理结果联系起来，但这种神经肽确实有效且特异性地抑制了血吸虫体内cAMP的积累。在线虫和扁形蠕虫中，有大量的生理学证据表明神经肽在自由生活和寄生蠕虫的生物学中都起着关键作用。虽然这两个门的神经肽生物学仍然有很多东西需要学习，但目前可用的生理学证据表明神经肽能信号传导是一个非常有前途的领域，可以从中获得未来的药物靶点。
Parasitic worms come from two distinct, distant phyla,Nematoda(roundworms) andPlatyhelminthes(flatworms). The nervous systems of worms from both phyla are replete with neuropeptides and there is ample physiological evidence that these neuropeptides control vital aspects of worm biology. In each phyla, the physiological evidence for critical roles for helminth neuropeptides is derived from both parasitic and free-living members. In the nematodes, the intestinal parasiteAscarissuum and the free-livingCaenorhabditis eleganshave yielded most of the data; in the platyhelminths, the most physiological data has come from the blood flukeSchistosoma mansoni. FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) have many varied effects (excitation, relaxation, or a combination) on somatic musculature, reproductive musculature, the pharynx and motor neurons in nematodes. Insulin-like peptides (INSs) play an essential role in nematode dauer formation and other developmental processes. There is also some evidence for a role in somatic muscle control for the somewhat heterogeneous grouping of peptides known as neuropeptide-like proteins (NLPs). In platyhelminths, as in nematodes, FLPs have a central role in somatic muscle function. Reports of FLP physiological action in platyhelminths are limited to a potent excitation of the somatic musculature. Platyhelminths are also abundantly endowed with neuropeptide Fs (NPFs), which appear absent from nematodes. There is not yet any data linking platyhelminth NPF to any particular physiological outcome, but this neuropeptide does potently and specifically inhibit cAMP accumulation in schistosomes. In nematodes and platyhelminths, there is an abundance of physiological evidence demonstrating that neuropeptides play critical roles in the biology of both free-living and parasitic helminths. While it is certainly true that there remains a great deal to learn about the biology of neuropeptides in both phyla, physiological evidence presently available points to neuropeptidergic signaling as a very promising field from which to harvest future drug targets.