A Success of Some Sort: Social Enterprises and Drip Irrigation in the Developing World
A Success of Some Sort: Social Enterprises and Drip Irrigation in the Developing World
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DOI：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.002
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
J. Venot
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Venot
本文解释了滴灌作为一种有前途的技术，以解决目前的贫困和发展中国家的环境挑战的框架背后的过程。我从批判性的发展和科学技术研究中汲取经验，并强调这一形象已经得到了积极的表现。内部人士阐述了一个令人信服的故事，呼吁通过技术和社会企业家精神在发展中的道德合法性来改善的意愿;他们努力在更广泛的网络中建立一个支持联盟。这个故事取决于几个假设，经过仔细审查，这些假设似乎是有问题的：小农农业的单一性，将固有的技术特征归因于特定对象--“滴灌套件”--无论其使用背景如何，以及将社会企业家精神和基于市场的方法作为替代模式的框架，尽管这些方法构成了一种重新在国际发展界内执行现有安排。尽管如此，有利于穷人和环境友好型小农滴灌的说法仍然继续成功地利用国际发展界的支持，尽管滴灌的能力很小，无法改变小农农业，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲。揭开小农滴灌成功的起源、参与者和基石，为该领域的发展实践提供了新的视角，也是与发展中国家小农进行更有意义的接触的第一步。
This paper explains the processes behind the framing of drip irrigation as a promising technology to address current poverty and environmental challenges in the developing world. I draw from critical development and science and technology studies and highlight that this imagery has been actively performed. Insiders elaborated a compelling narrative calling upon awill to improvethrough technology and themoral legitimacyof social entrepreneurship in development; they worked hard to establish a supportive coalition in an ever wider network. This story hinges on several assumptions, which upon closer scrutiny appear to be problematic: the unicity of smallholder farming, the attribution of inherent technical characteristics to a specific object—the “drip kit”—regardless of the context in which it is used, and the framing of social entrepreneurship and market-based approaches as alternative models even though these rather constitute a re-working of existing arrangements within the international development community. Nonetheless, the pro-poor and environmentally friendly smallholder drip irrigation narrative still continues to be successful in harnessing the support of the international development community, despite the little capacity drip irrigation has had to transform smallholder farming, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Unpacking the origins, actors, and building blocks of the discursive success of smallholder drip irrigation provides fresh perspectives on the practices of development in the sector and is the first step toward more meaningful engagement with smallholder farmers in the developing world.