Informational Diversity and Affinity Bias in Team Growth Dynamics

Informational Diversity and Affinity Bias in Team Growth Dynamics
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团队成长动态中的信息多样性和亲和力偏差

DOI:
10.1145/3617694.3623238
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
ACM
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Levy, Karen
Levy, Karen
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heidari, Hoda;Barocas, Solon;Kleinberg, Jon;Levy, Karen

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以前的工作提供了强有力的证据表明,在组织环境中,为任务带来多样性信息和观点的团队比没有这样做的团队更有效。如果这种形式的信息多样性赋予了绩效优势,为什么我们在实践中经常看到基本上同质的团队?一个典型的论点是,信息多样性的好处与亲和力偏见存在紧张关系。为了更好地理解这种紧张局势对团队构成的影响,我们分析了一个团队形成的顺序模型,在这个模型中,个人关心他们团队的表现(根据一组特征准确预测未来的结果),但由于与使用不同方法进行预测任务的队友互动,他们会经历一个成本。我们对这个简单模型的分析揭示了团队成长动力学可能表现出的一系列微妙行为:(i)从某些初始团队组成来看,他们可以朝着更好的绩效前进,但随后在中途陷入最佳多样化团队;而(ii)从其他初始组成来看,他们也可以远离这种最佳平衡,因为多数群体试图排挤少数群体的意见。团队的初始组成可以决定动态是否会朝着或远离性能最优状态移动,从而描绘出团队组成中效率低下的路径依赖画面。我们的研究结果正式确定了一个基本的限制效用为基础的动机,以推动组织中的信息多样性和暗示的干预措施,可以提高信息多样性和性能的同时。
Prior work has provided strong evidence that, within organizational settings, teams that bring a diversity of information and perspectives to a task are more effective than teams that do not. If this form of informational diversity confers performance advantages, why do we often see largely homogeneous teams in practice? One canonical argument is that the benefits of informational diversity are in tension with affinity bias. To better understand the impact of this tension on the makeup of teams, we analyze a sequential model of team formation in which individuals care about their team’s performance (captured in terms of accurately predicting some future outcome based on a set of features) but experience a cost as a result of interacting with teammates who use different approaches to the prediction task. Our analysis of this simple model reveals a set of subtle behaviors that team-growth dynamics can exhibit: (i) from certain initial team compositions, they can make progress toward better performance but then get stuck partway to optimally diverse teams; while (ii) from other initial compositions, they can also move away from this optimal balance as the majority group tries to crowd out the opinions of the minority. The initial composition of the team can determine whether the dynamics will move toward or away from performance optimality, painting a path-dependent picture of inefficiencies in team compositions. Our results formalize a fundamental limitation of utility-based motivations to drive informational diversity in organizations and hint at interventions that may improve informational diversity and performance simultaneously.
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