Impact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants: a prospective cohort study
Impact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants: a prospective cohort study
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母源抗体和微生物群发育对非洲、印度和欧洲婴儿口服轮状病毒疫苗免疫原性的影响：一项前瞻性队列研究
DOI：
10.1101/2020.11.02.20224576
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Parker E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Parker E
确定低收入国家口服轮状病毒疫苗（ORV）功效受损的风险因素可能会导致疫苗设计和交付的改进。在这项前瞻性队列研究中，我们使用跨队列的标准化方法，测量了印度 (n= 307)、马拉维 (n= 119) 和英国 (n= 60) 接受两剂 Rotarix 的婴儿的母体轮状病毒抗体、环境肠道功能障碍 (EED) 和细菌肠道微生物群发育。我们观察到马拉维和印度的 ORV 脱落率和血清转化率明显低于英国。在印度和马拉维，母亲血清和母乳中的轮状病毒特异性抗体与 ORV 反应呈负相关，部分是通过 ORV 脱落的减少介导的。在英国，尽管母体抗体水平与其他群体相当，但 ORV 脱落并未受到抑制。在印度和马拉维，微生物群多样性的增加与 ORV 免疫原性呈负相关，这表明生命早期的高微生物暴露可能会导致疫苗功效受损。
Identifying risk factors for impaired oral rotavirus vaccine (ORV) efficacy in low-income countries may lead to improvements in vaccine design and delivery. In this prospective cohort study, we measure maternal rotavirus antibodies, environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), and bacterial gut microbiota development among infants receiving two doses of Rotarix in India (n= 307), Malawi (n= 119), and the UK (n= 60), using standardised methods across cohorts. We observe ORV shedding and seroconversion rates to be significantly lower in Malawi and India than the UK. Maternal rotavirus-specific antibodies in serum and breastmilk are negatively correlated with ORV response in India and Malawi, mediated partly by a reduction in ORV shedding. In the UK, ORV shedding is not inhibited despite comparable maternal antibody levels to the other cohorts. In both India and Malawi, increased microbiota diversity is negatively correlated with ORV immunogenicity, suggesting that high early-life microbial exposure may contribute to impaired vaccine efficacy.