Allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis
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过敏性鼻炎
DOI：
10.1038/s41572-020-00227-0
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发表时间：
2020-12-03
影响因子：
81.5
通讯作者：
Toppila-Salmi, Sanna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bousquet, Jean;Anto, Josep M.;Toppila-Salmi, Sanna
布斯凯及其同事撰写的这本入门手册总结了过敏性鼻炎的流行病学、发病机制、诊断和治疗。此外，它还回顾了患者面临的生活质量问题，并概述了移动医疗技术如何改善患者护理。过敏性鼻炎（AR）是由免疫球蛋白E（IgE）介导的对吸入性过敏原的反应引起的，是全球最常见的慢性疾病之一。AR常与哮喘和结膜炎同时发生，是一个全球性的健康问题，在世界范围内造成了重大负担和残疾。危险因素包括吸入性和职业性过敏原以及遗传因素。AR会损害生活质量，影响社交生活、学业和工作，并伴有巨大的经济成本。过敏性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响（ARIA）倡议将AR分为间歇性或持续性以及轻度或中度/重度。诊断基于临床病史，对于使用药物后鼻炎仍未控制或症状持续的患者，如果需要，可基于皮肤试验或血清中针对过敏原的特异性IgE抗体的存在来诊断。最常用的药物治疗包括口服、鼻内或眼部H - 1 - 抗组胺药、鼻内皮质类固醇或鼻内H - 1 - 抗组胺药与皮质类固醇的固定复方制剂。由专科医生使用高质量提取物对分层患者进行的过敏原免疫治疗对有持续性症状的患者有效。通过移动技术获得的真实世界数据为AR表型和管理提供了新的见解。AR的前景包括更好地理解新型多病表型、卫生技术评估以及以患者为中心的共同决策。
This Primer by Bousquet and colleagues summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis. In addition, it reviews the quality-of-life issues faced by patients and provides an overview of how mobile health technologies could improve patient care.Allergic rhinitis (AR) is caused by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions to inhaled allergens and is one of the most common chronic conditions globally. AR often co-occurs with asthma and conjunctivitis and is a global health problem causing major burden and disability worldwide. Risk factors include inhalant and occupational allergens, as well as genetic factors. AR impairs quality of life, affects social life, school and work, and is associated with substantial economic costs. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative classified AR into intermittent or persistent and mild or moderate/severe. The diagnosis is based on the clinical history and, if needed in patients with uncontrolled rhinitis despite medications or with long-lasting symptoms, on skin tests or the presence of serum-specific IgE antibodies to allergens. The most frequently used pharmacological treatments include oral, intranasal or ocular H-1-antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids or a fixed combination of intranasal H-1-antihistamines and corticosteroids. Allergen immunotherapy prescribed by a specialist using high-quality extracts in stratified patients is effective in patients with persistent symptoms. Real-world data obtained by mobile technology offer new insights into AR phenotypes and management. The outlook for AR includes a better understanding of novel multimorbid phenotypes, health technology assessment and patient-centred shared decision-making.