Poverty Among Social and Economic Groups In India in the Nineteen Nineties
Poverty Among Social and Economic Groups In India in the Nineteen Nineties
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十九世纪九十年代印度社会和经济群体的贫困状况
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Tendulkar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Sundaram;S. Tendulkar
本文件审查了按社会和经济群体分列的印度农村和城市人口贫困指标的水平和变化。分析的依据是根据国家抽样调查组织进行的第50轮（1993- 1994年）和第55轮（1999-2000年）消费者支出调查的单位记录数据计算的混合参照期的可比贫困估计数。问题是不同的社会和经济群体在多大程度上分担了1990年代贫困的总体下降。考虑了四个贫困指标，即人口比例、深度和严重性衡量标准（PGI和FGT*）以及贫困人口的绝对规模。最容易陷入贫困的社会群体被确定为在册种姓家庭和在册部落家庭，这两个群体的贫困指数高于农村和城市人口的平均水平。最脆弱的群体是农业工人家庭（农村）和临时工家庭（城市）。每一个国家在其各自的人口部分中都有最高的贫困指标。关于1990年代贫困的变化，人们发现，虽然在册种姓和农业劳动（农村）和临时工（城市）家庭的贫困程度与总人口一样有所下降，但在册部落家庭在这两个部分的情况都很糟糕。进一步的分类分析显示了社会和经济脆弱性对贫困的影响。本文还介绍了调整的贫困指标之间的（经济和社会）群体的差距，并讨论了经验的结果，为设计一个战略减贫的影响。
This paper examines the levels and changes in poverty indicators of the rural and urban population in India disaggregated by social and economic groups. The analysis is based on the comparable estimates of poverty on the mixed reference period computed from the unit record data for the 50 th (1993-94) and the 55 th (1999-2000) rounds of the Consumer Expenditure Surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Organisation. The issue is how far different social and economic groups shared the overall decline in poverty in the 1990s. Four poverty indicators are considered, namely, headcount ratio,the depth and severity measures (PGI and FGT*) as also the absolute size of the poor population. The social groups most vulnerable to poverty have been identified to be the scheduled caste households and the scheduled tribe households with both these groups having above average levels of poverty indicators in the rural and the urban population.Among the economic groups, the most vulnerable groups are the agricultural labour households (rural) and the casual labour households (urban) each having the highestlevels of the poverty indicators in their respective population segments. In terms of changes in poverty in the 1990s, it is found that while the scheduled caste and the agricultural labour (rural) and the casual labour (urban) households experienced declines in poverty on par with the total population, the scheduled tribe households fared badly in both the segments. A further disaggregated analysis brings out the consequences for poverty of combined social and economic vulnerabilities. The paper also presents poverty indicators adjusted for between-(economic and social) group disparity and discusses the implications of the empirical results for the design of a strategy for poverty reduction.