Complexity of systems and actions underlying neurogenic inflammation.
Complexity of systems and actions underlying neurogenic inflammation.
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神经源性炎症的系统和作用的复杂性。
DOI：
10.1007/s00281-018-0683-z
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
DiNardo,Anna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yaksh,TonyL;DiNardo,Anna
身体的所有组成部分，从皮肤到软组织，再到所有内脏器官和骨骼，都受到来自背根的广泛神经支配。追溯到贝尔和马让迪的B定律的表达，这种神经支配被认为代表了传入或感觉输入到脊髓的通路。正如Valente和Brain [1]在这期杂志中详细回顾的那样，世纪早期的工作混淆了这一概念，Stricker [2]和后来的Bayliss [3]证明，在背根中逆向传播的信息可以以一种独立于交感神经提供的神经支配的方式对外周血流量产生显著的增强作用（通常导致减少的流量），表明该途径的Bmotor功能。皮肤去神经后血管舒张的缺乏进一步表明了感觉传入的作用[4]。感觉神经支配的精确组成可能有所不同，但它总是拥有有髓鞘和无髓鞘的轴突。Hinsey和Gasser [5]提出了一个很有说服力的关联，他们表明，只有当刺激强度足以引起缓慢传导的C纤维电位波时，才会发生由感觉神经的逆向刺激引起的皮肤血管舒张。遵循一条漫长而曲折的途径，其中包括从背根中分离肽物质P（SP），并将其鉴定为血管扩张剂[6]，其在由逆行刺激引起的血浆渗出中发挥作用，该刺激是由化学敏感性小直径传入纤维释放此类神经介质引起的。[7]。用刺激性辣椒素预处理成年大鼠导致局部血管舒张、急性疼痛行为和持续的形态学变化[8]，并伴有化学敏感性C纤维的相关功能损伤[9]。这些观察结果与经典的观点相结合，即在一个末端释放产物的神经元将在其所有末端释放这些产物，这是埃克尔斯[10]对经典戴尔斯定律[11]原始表达的一种变体。所以，我们今天在这里。这些观察和本期的内容激发了编辑们的一些想法，我们鼓励读者考虑他们对自己喜欢的系统的影响。
All components of the body from skin to soft tissue to all visceral organs and bone receive extensive innervation arising from the dorsal roots. Dating to the expression of the BLaw of Bell and Magendie^, this innervation is considered to represent the pathway by which afferent or sensory input to the cord occurs. As reviewed in great detail by Valente and Brain [1] in this issue, work in the early twentieth century confounded this notion, with Stricker [2] and later Bayliss [3] demonstrating that information traveling antidromically in the dorsal root could have significant augmenting effects upon peripheral blood flow in a manner independent of the innervation provided by the sympathetic nerves (leading typically to reduced flow), suggesting a Bmotor^ function of this pathway. The role of the sensory afferents was further suggested by the absence of vasodilation after cutaneous denervation [4]. Sensory innervation may vary in its precise composition, but invariably it possesses axons which are myelinated and unmyelinated. A telling association was made by Hinsey and Gasser [5], who showed that cutaneous vasodilation evoked by antidromic stimulation of sensory nerves occurred only if the stimulus was of sufficient intensity to evoke a slowly conducting C fiber potential wave. Following a long and winding pathway, which included the isolation of the peptide substance P (SP) from the dorsal roots and its identification as a vasodilator [6] with a role in plasma extravasation elicited by antidromic stimulation secondary to release of such a neuromediator from chemosensitive small-diameter afferent fibers [7]. Pretreatment of adult rats with the pungent capsaicin resulted in local vasodilation, acute pain behavior, and persistent morphological changes [8] with an associated functional impairment of chemosensitive C fibers [9]. These observations merged with the classic appreciation that a neuron releasing products at one terminal will release those products at all of its terminals, a variant professed by Eccles [10] of the original expression of the classic Dales law [11]. So, here we are today. These observations and the contents of this issue inspire several thoughts by the editors and we encourage the reader to consider their implications for their own favored system.