Btk Supports Autoreactive B Cell Development and Protects against Apoptosis but Is Expendable for Antigen Presentation.

Btk Supports Autoreactive B Cell Development and Protects against Apoptosis but Is Expendable for Antigen Presentation.
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Btk支持自身反应性B细胞发育并防止细胞凋亡,但对于抗原呈递是消耗性的。

DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.2000558
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发表时间:
2021-12-15
期刊:
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
--
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其他
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布鲁顿的酪氨酸激酶(Btk)传播B细胞信号传导,并且Btk抑制剂正处于自身免疫性疾病的临床试验中。虽然自身反应性B细胞在缺乏Btk的情况下不能发育,但其在成熟细胞中的作用尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题,使用条件性去除模型(Btkflox/Cre-ERT 2)从识别病理生理自身抗原胰岛素的成熟转基因B细胞中切除Btk。抗胰岛素B细胞逃避中枢耐受并促进自身免疫性糖尿病,模仿人类自身反应细胞。先前显示终身Btk缺陷消除95%的抗胰岛素B细胞,但在该模型中,成熟的抗胰岛素B细胞在靶向Btk缺失后存活数周,甚至当与多克隆库竞争时。BCR刺激的细胞仍然可以通过Syk,PLC γ 2和CD 22发出信号,但不能上调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-xl,增殖受损。令人惊讶的是,Btk耗尽的抗胰岛素B细胞仍然可以呈递抗原并激活T细胞,这是促进T细胞介导的胰岛细胞破坏的关键功能。因此,Btk的药理学靶向可能是最有效的,通过阻断已建立的自身反应性细胞的扩增,并防止新的出现。
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) propogates B cell signaling, and BTK-inhibitors are in clinical trials for autoimmune disease. While autoreactive B cells fail to develop in the absence of Btk, its role in mature cells is unknown. To address this issue, a model of conditional removal (Btkflox/Cre-ERT2) was used to excise Btk from mature transgenic B cells that recognize the pathophysiologic autoantigen insulin. Anti-insulin B cells escape central tolerance and promote autoimmune diabetes, mimicking human autoreactive cells. Lifelong Btk-deficiency was previously shown to eliminate 95% of anti-insulin B cells but in this model mature anti-insulin B cells survived for weeks after targeted Btk deletion, even when competing with a polyclonal repertoire. BCR-stimulated cells could still signal via Syk, PLCy2 and CD22, but failed to upregulate the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xl, and proliferation was impaired. Surprisingly, Btk-depleted anti-insulin B cells could still present antigen and activate T cells, a critical function in promoting T cell-mediated islet cell destruction. Thus, pharmacologic targeting of Btk may be most effective by blocking expansion of established autoreactive cells, and preventing emergence of new ones.
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