Adaptation as a dynamic construct for studying stress resilience and susceptibility.
Adaptation as a dynamic construct for studying stress resilience and susceptibility.
复制标题
适应作为研究压力恢复力和敏感性的动态结构。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.029
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Smith,BrittanyL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith,BrittanyL
Resilience is the process of adapting favorably to stress, involving both passive and active strategies (Dantzer et al., 2018; Russo et al., 2012). Susceptibility arises through failure to adapt favorably, and is characterized by maladaptive responses to stress that can increase the risk for stress-related disorders. As stress is not always avoidable and can even be beneficial when it elicits adaptive responses, studying the neurobiology of stress resilience in rodent models may be a viable approach for advancing prevention and treatment of stressrelated disorders in humans. However, translating from rodents to humans depends upon the definition of adaptive within each species and addressing the complexity of defining this construct in rodents. Over-operationalizing resilience and susceptibility risks losing this complexity because defining what is adaptive to a rodent requires continual scrutiny since it is difficult to infer this from a human perspective. In the recently published article in BBI by Gururajan et al.(2019), the authors initiate an investigation of signatures of resilience and susceptibility, while demonstrating a need to reevaluate whether each component of the signature is adaptive or not.Adaptive responses to stress are not permanently defined measures and being resilient is not a fixed characteristic (Dantzer et al., 2018). Any one individual can have a range of both adaptive and maladaptive responses and the same response can be either adaptive or maladaptive, depending on the physiological system assessed, the context evaluated, and timing both after stress and across the lifespan. The repeated social defeat (RSD) stress paradigm studies two distinct populations of rodents, based on characterizing mice with reduced social interaction ratios (the day after the final defeat) as susceptible and mice who maintain social interaction despite defeat as resilient (Golden et al., 2011). However, the ‘susceptible’group may not always be maladaptive, abnormal, or prone to pathology and the ‘resilient’group may not always be adaptive or ideal. Even commonly conceded anxiety-like or depressive-like behaviors could be adaptive given the context, duration, and physiological state of the animal (Myers et al., 2015). Gururajan et al.(2019) addresses the complexity of resilience versus susceptibility by studying an impressive range of physiological, central, endocrine, and immune parameters following a modified RSD paradigm. This investigation provides a platform for future work to refine the definition of adaptive in order to understand mechanisms behind stress resilience that translate to human experience.
