Climatic variation and tree-ring structure in conifers: empirical and mechanistic models of tree-ring width, number of cells, cell size, cell-wall thickness and wood density
Climatic variation and tree-ring structure in conifers: empirical and mechanistic models of tree-ring width, number of cells, cell size, cell-wall thickness and wood density
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DOI：
10.3354/cr001097
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
H. Fritts;E. Vaganov;I. Sviderskaya;Av Shashkion
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Fritts;E. Vaganov;I. Sviderskaya;Av Shashkion
采用(1)以月气候数据作为统计预测因子的经验模型和(2)以日气候数据作为生长限制条件的机制模型来模拟树木年轮结构的变化。该经验模型利用月温度、降水或帕尔默干旱严重程度指数校准树木年轮的标准化年轮宽度和密度年表。经验模型可用于任何树木年轮和气候数据集，以评估线性、曲线或相互关系，检查不同类型的校准程序，计算对气候因素的生长响应，比较不同数据集的响应，检查有关气候变化的一些环境问题，并检测环境条件改变对生长的可能影响，例如由空气污染引起的影响。经验模型适用于任何有年轮年代学和足够长度的气候记录的物种和地点。机械模型使用数学方程来模拟影响单个年轮的细胞大小、细胞壁厚度和木材密度变化的过程，使用降水、温度和湿度测量。根据温度、日长和计算的水平衡来估计限制条件。对西伯利亚南部干旱地区的西尔veststris L.和黄松（P. ponderosa Laws）的机理模型进行了验证。来自亚利桑那州南部。两种模型的结果对不同环结构生长的重要因素以及这些因素何时成为限制因素具有指导意义。虽然这些模型将进一步发展，但它们已经有助于了解树木生长和气候的关系，并为某些环境问题提供了一些答案。经验模型与机制模型一起使用，以获得对机制模型计算所缺乏的关系的重要见解。
Variations in tree-ring structure are simulated with (1) an empirical model using monthly climatic data as statistical predictors and (2) a mechanisbc model using daily climatic data as growth limiting conditions. The empirical model calibrates standardized ring-width and density chronologies of tree-rings with monthly temperature, precipitation or Palmer Drought Severity Index. The empirical model can be used with any tree-ring and climatic data set to evaluate linear, curvilinear or interactive relationships, to examine different types of calibration procedures, to calculate growth response to climatic factors, to compare the responses of different data sets, to examine a number of environmental questions about climatic change and to detect possible effects of altered environmental conditions on growth such as those caused by air pollution. The empirical model is applicable to any species and site where there is a tree-ring chronology and a climatic record of sufficient length. The mechanistic model uses mathematical equations to simulate processes affecting cell size, cell-wall thickness and wood density variations for individual rings using precipitation, temperature and humidity measurements. Limiting conditions are estimated from temperature, day length and a calculated water balance. The mechanistic model has been validated for Pinus sylvestris L. from dry sites in south Siberia and for P. ponderosa Laws. from southern Arizona. The results from both models are instructive as to what factors are important to the growth of different ring structures and when these factors become limiting. While the models will be developed further, they have already contnbuted to an understanding of tree-nng and climate relationships and have provided a number of answers to certain environmental questions. The empirical model is used in tandem with the mechanistic model to obain important insights on relationships that the mechanistic model calculations lack.