Semantic impairment with and without surface dyslexia: Implications for models of reading
Semantic impairment with and without surface dyslexia: Implications for models of reading
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DOI：
10.1080/02643290442000257
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Casey, BJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blazely, AM;Coltheart, M;Casey, BJ
两种发展最好的大声朗读计算模型，Coltheart及其同事的DRC模型和Plaut及其同事的联结吸引子模型，对语义知识参与词汇加工的程度提供了非常不同的观点，因此对语义损伤（例如在语义痴呆中看到的）如何影响临床病例中的词汇加工做出了不同的预测。两个符合语义性痴呆标准的案例，PC和EM，进行了一系列的测试，包括理解任务，阅读任务和视觉单词识别（词汇决策）任务。所有任务都使用相同的目标词，允许交叉测试和跨患者比较。两种情况下都表现出明显的语义记忆障碍，并且发现单词理解与目标单词的词频有关。PC对不规则单词的阅读表现不佳，表面上有诵读困难的模式，他在视觉词汇决策任务中表现不佳。他阅读不规则单词的能力与其出现频率和理解能力有关。相比之下，他的视觉词汇决策表现不受他对相同单词的理解或它们的频率的可靠影响。尽管她有严重的语义障碍，但EM在大声朗读不规则单词和视觉词汇决策方面表现出了基本完美的能力。EM显示的表现模式与DRC阅读模型一致，但与连接主义吸引子模型以及与该模型相关的观点不一致，即当语义表征退化时，正字法和语音过程不能保持完整。
The two best-developed computational models of reading aloud, the DRC model of Coltheart and colleagues and the connectionist attractor model of Plaut and colleagues, offer very different views about the degree to which semantic knowledge is involved in lexical processing, and hence make differing predictions about how semantic impairment (as seen, for example, in semantic dementia) will impact on lexical processing in clinical cases. Two cases meeting the criteria for semantic dementia, PC and EM, were given a battery of tests comprising comprehension tasks, a reading task, and a visual word recognition (lexical decision) task. All tasks used the same target words allowing cross-test and cross-patient comparisons. Both cases showed significant impairment of semantic memory, and word comprehension was found to be related to the word frequency of the target words. PC demonstrated poor reading of irregular words, with a surface dyslexic pattern of reading aloud, and he performed poorly on the visual lexical decision task. His ability to read irregular words was related to their frequency and to his ability to comprehend them. In contrast, his visual lexical decision performance was not reliably influenced by his comprehension of the same words or by their frequency. EM demonstrated essentially perfect reading aloud of irregular words and essentially perfect visual lexical decision, despite her severe semantic impairment. The pattern of performance shown by EM is consistent with the DRC model of reading, but inconsistent with the connectionist attractor model and with the view, associated with that model, that orthographic and phonological processes cannot remain intact when semantic representations are degraded.