Integrating light-level geolocation with activity tracking reveals unexpected nocturnal migration patterns of the tawny pipit
Integrating light-level geolocation with activity tracking reveals unexpected nocturnal migration patterns of the tawny pipit
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DOI：
10.1111/jav.02546
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Hahn, Steffen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Briedis, Martins;Beran, Vaclav;Hahn, Steffen
候鸟在繁殖地和非繁殖地之间进行一系列的迁徙飞行，其间有长时间的中途停留，以完成它们的季节性旅行。虽然鸣禽是候鸟中最常见的类群，但关于它们整个迁徙过程中的飞行和中途停留行为的经验数据仍然很少。在这里，我们将活动和气压跟踪与经典的光照水平地理定位相结合，以描述中欧茶色皮皮鼠的迁徙行为。令人惊讶的是，在长达6周、长达5000公里的秋季迁徙中，有迹可寻的鹦鹉平均使用多达10个中途停留点。这符合典型的跳式迁移模式。我们的数据显示，超过三分之二的迁徙活动都是在夜间进行的，这与将茶色琵鹭视为典型的日间迁徙的常识相反。夜间出发的时间因人而异，而且会贯穿整个晚上，而降落通常发生在日出后的几个小时内。因此，出发时间相对于日落和飞行时间之间存在负相关关系。2小时以内的短途飞行最为常见，平均飞行时间为4.5小时。飞行时间与最大飞行高度呈双曲线关系，夜间飞行高度是白天的两倍。迁徙期间飞行时间与中途停留时间的总体比例平均为1:6.5。这与理论模型的预测非常吻合。我们表明，多传感器跟踪有可能提供单个鸟类在整个迁徙旅程中的迁徙行为的前所未有的细节，并且它还提高了由轻型地理定位器获得的地理位置的精度。
Migratory birds complete their seasonal journeys between breeding and non-breeding sites with a series of migratory flights that are separated by prolonged stopovers. While songbirds are the most common taxa among migratory birds, empirical data on flight and stopover behaviour along their entire migratory journeys are still rare. Here, we integrate activity and barometric pressure tracking with classical light-level geolocation to describe migration behaviour of tawny pipitsAnthus campestrisbreeding in central Europe. Surprisingly, tracked pipits used, on average, as many as 10 stopover sites during their six week, > 5000 km long autumn migration. This conforms to a typical hop-type pattern of migration. In contrast to common knowledge which considers the tawny pipit as a typical diurnal migrant, our data revealed that more than two thirds of all migratory movements were carried out at night. Nocturnal departure times were highly variable within individuals and spread across the entire night while landing most often took place within the first few hours after sunrise. Consequently, there was a negative relationship between departure timing relative to sunset and flight duration. Short flights of up to 2 h were most common and median flight duration was 4.5 h. There was a hyperbolic relationship between flight duration and maximum flight altitude and flight altitudes during night were two times higher compared to daytime. The overall ratio of flight versus stopover duration during migration was on average 1:6.5. This closely matches predictions from theoretical models. We show that multi-sensor tracking has the potential to provide unprecedented details on migratory behaviour of individual birds along their entire migratory journeys, and it also improves the precision of geographical locations derived from light-level geolocators.