JOB TURNOVER AND POLICY EVALUATION - A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM-ANALYSIS
JOB TURNOVER AND POLICY EVALUATION - A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM-ANALYSIS
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DOI：
10.1086/261909
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发表时间：
1993-10-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
ROGERSON, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HOPENHAYN, H;ROGERSON, R
最近的经验研究表明，就业机会的创造和破坏率很大，这意味着大量的就业机会在公司之间重新分配。本文构建了这一再分配过程的一般均衡模型，利用企业层面的动态数据对其进行了校准，并评估了干预这一过程的政策的综合影响。我们发现，在公司层面上对工作岗位的破坏征税对总就业有相当大的负面影响：相当于一年工资的税收大约减少了2.5%的就业。然而，更引人注目的是福利后果：同样的税收在消费方面的成本超过2%。这种福利损失产生的机制显然是平均生产率的下降，因为这项政策导致平均生产率下降超过2%。
Recent empirical work indicates that job creation and destruction rates are large, implying significant amounts of job reallocation across firms. This paper builds a general equilibrium model of this reallocation process, calibrates it using data on firm-level dynamics, and evaluates the aggregate implications of policies that interfere with this process. We find that a tax on job destruction at the firm level has a sizable negative impact on total employment: a tax equal to 1 year's wages reduces employment by roughly 2.5 percent. More striking, however, are the welfare consequences: the cost in terms of consumption of this same tax is greater than 2 percent. The mechanism through which this welfare loss arises is apparently a decrease in average productivity, since this policy results in a decrease in average productivity of over 2 percent.