The effects of puberty on genetic risk for disordered eating: evidence for a sex difference.
The effects of puberty on genetic risk for disordered eating: evidence for a sex difference.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291711001541
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发表时间：
2012-03
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Nigg, J. T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klump, K. L.;Culbert, K. M.;Slane, J. D.;Burt, S. A.;Sisk, C. L.;Nigg, J. T.
在女孩的青春期，基因对饮食失调的影响存在差异。青春期前遗传率为0%，但青春期期间和青春期后遗传率超过50%。新出现的数据表明，这些发育差异可能是由于青春期卵巢激素的增加。然而，缺乏一个关键的证据，即基因对男孩青春期饮食失调的影响。男孩在青春期不会经历卵巢激素的增加。因此，如果男孩在青春期的遗传影响增加，那么除了卵巢激素之外的其他因素可能会导致女孩的遗传能力增加。目前的研究首次在密歇根州立大学双胞胎登记处的1006对男性和女性双胞胎样本中检验了这种可能性。饮食失调是通过明尼苏达州饮食行为调查来评估的。用青春期发育量表评估青春期发育。在任何发育阶段的男性中，没有观察到基因对饮食失调的影响有显著差异。在青春期前、青春期和青年期，男孩的遗传率为51%。相比之下，在女孩中，遗传因素占青春期前变异的0%，但在青春期及以后的变异中占51%。遗传效应的性别差异仅在青春期前显著，因为最佳拟合模型限制了所有男性、青春期女性和年轻成年女性的遗传能力是平等的。研究结果强调了青春期对饮食失调遗传风险的性别特异性影响，并为卵巢激素和/或其他女性特异性因素的作用提供了间接证据。
Differences in genetic influences on disordered eating are present across puberty in girls. Heritability is 0% before puberty, but over 50% during and after puberty. Emerging data suggest that these developmental differences may be due to pubertal increases in ovarian hormones. However, a critical piece of evidence is lacking, namely, knowledge of genetic influences on disordered eating across puberty in boys. Boys do not experience increases in ovarian hormones during puberty. Thus, if pubertal increases in genetic effects are present in boys, then factors in addition to ovarian hormones may drive increases in heritability in girls. The current study was the first to examine this possibility in a sample of 1,006 male and female twins from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Disordered eating was assessed with the Minnesota Eating Behaviors Survey. Pubertal development was assessed with the Pubertal Development Scale. No significant differences in genetic influences on disordered eating were observed in males across any developmental stage. Heritability was 51% in boys during pre-puberty, puberty, and young adulthood. By contrast, in girls, genetic factors accounted for 0% of the variance in pre-puberty, but 51% of the variance during puberty and beyond. Sex differences in genetic effects were only significant during pre-puberty, as the best-fitting models constrained heritability to be equal across all males, pubertal females, and young adult females. Results highlight sex-specific effects of puberty on genetic risk for disordered eating and provide indirect evidence of a role for ovarian hormones and/or other female-specific factors.